{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T17:02:43Z","timestamp":1788627763738,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]],"date-time":"2021-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Stem cell therapy is a rapidly evolving field of regenerative medicine being employed for the management of various central nervous system disorders. The ability to self-renew, differentiate into specialized cells, and integrate into neuronal networks has positioned stem cells as an ideal mechanism for the treatment of epilepsy. Epilepsy is characterized by repetitive seizures caused by imbalance in the GABA and glutamate neurotransmission following neuronal damage. Stem cells provide benefit by reducing the glutamate excitotoxicity and strengthening the GABAergic inter-neuron connections. Similar to the abnormal neuroanatomic location in epilepsy, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is caused by hyperarousal in the amygdala and decreased activity of the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. Thus, stem cells could be used to modulate neuronal interconnectivity. In this review, we provide a rationale for the use of stem cell therapy in the treatment of PTSD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases9040077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T22:14:52Z","timestamp":1635891292000},"page":"77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Stem Cell Therapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Novel Therapeutic Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1410-8576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dhir","family":"Gala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, 1 University Drive at Jordan Dr, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikram","family":"Gurusamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, 1 University Drive at Jordan Dr, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishna","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, 1 University Drive at Jordan Dr, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8919-9009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sreedevi","family":"Damodar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, 1 University Drive at Jordan Dr, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Girish","family":"Swaminath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, 1 University Drive at Jordan Dr, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gautam","family":"Ullal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, 1 University Drive at Jordan Dr, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.59.1.20","article-title":"Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events?","volume":"59","author":"Bonanno","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. 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