{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T22:57:43Z","timestamp":1773269863230,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,13]],"date-time":"2021-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1U54MD015929-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U54MD015929-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diseases"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Foodborne diseases are a major source of concern in USA. These diseases are a burden on public health and significantly contribute to the cost of health care. There is an urgent need to understand the contributing factors for such outbreaks, especially in Mississippi (MS), an agricultural state with low socioeconomic status. Methods: Secondary data for the current study were obtained from the Mississippi State Department of Health (MSDH) Epidemiology department for the study period 2010\u20132018. Data were for individuals with reported foodborne diseases cases. The data were analyzed to determine the pathogens\u2019 trend over time, the highest contributing pathogens to foodborne diseases, the significant geographical variation, and any significant differences in rates based on demographic variables. Results: Salmonella was the highest contributing pathogen to foodborne disease in MS. The study showed a seasonal variation in the trends of pathogens and a geographical variation, and no racial differences in the incidents of the foodborne diseases was observed. Conclusions: Incidence rates of foodborne illness remain high in the state of Mississippi. A better understanding of high levels of foodborne infections caused by Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter resulting from cultural food handling practices or socioeconomic factors will allow to provide guidelines and food safety preventive measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases9040083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,14]],"date-time":"2021-11-14T20:52:28Z","timestamp":1636923148000},"page":"83","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Trends of Foodborne Diseases in Mississippi: Association with Racial and Economic Disparities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Luma","family":"Akil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1701.P11101","article-title":"Foodborne illness acquired in the United States\u2014Major pathogens","volume":"17","author":"Scallan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2020, January 30). Foodborne Illnesses and Germs, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/foodsafety\/foodborne-germs.html."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Dewey-Mattia, D., Kisselburgh, H., Manikonda, K., Silver, R., Subramhanya, S., Sundararaman, P., Whitham, H., and Crowe, S. (2018). Surveillance for Foodborne Disease Outbreaks\u2013United States, 2016: Annual Report."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2021, July 15). United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service: Cost Estimates of Foodborne Illnesses, Available online: https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/cost-estimates-of-foodborne-illnesses\/."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2014.1802","article-title":"Effects of climate change on Salmonella infections","volume":"11","author":"Akil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog. 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