{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T12:11:17Z","timestamp":1781093477650,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this observational follow-up clinical study was to observe the quality of posterior composite restorations more than 23 years after application. A total of 22 patients, 13 male and 9 female (mean age 66.1 years, range 50\u201384), with a total of 42 restorations attended the first and second follow-up examinations. The restorations were examined by one operator using modified FDI criteria. Statistical analysis was performed with the Wilcoxon Mann\u2013Whitney U test and Wilcoxon exact matched-pairs test with a significance level of p = 0.05. Bonferroni\u2013Holm with an adjusted significance level of alpha = 0.05 was applied. With the exception of approximal anatomical form, significantly worse scores were seen for six out of seven criteria at the second follow-up evaluation. There was no significant difference in the first and second follow-up evaluations in the grades of the restorations with regard to having been placed in the maxilla or mandible, as well as for one-surface or multiple-surface restorations. The approximal anatomical form showed significantly worse grades at the second follow-up when having been placed in molars. In conclusion, the study results show that significant differences regarding FDI criteria in posterior composite restorations occur after more than 23 years of service. Further studies with extended follow-up time and at regular and short time intervals are recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj11030069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T03:54:56Z","timestamp":1677729296000},"page":"69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A 23-Year Observational Follow-Up Clinical Evaluation of Direct Posterior Composite Restorations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Marie O.","family":"von Gehren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental School (Carolinum), Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2293-8089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"R\u00fcttermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental School (Carolinum), Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7745-5957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios E.","family":"Romanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, 106 Rockland Hall, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8700, USA"},{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, Dental School (Carolinum), Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0662-6675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modelling, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Gerhardt-Sz\u00e9p","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental School (Carolinum), Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2016.05.008","article-title":"Posterior bulk-filled resin composite restorations: A 5-year randomized controlled clinical study","volume":"51","author":"Pallesen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"195","article-title":"Placement technique for direct posterior composite restorations","volume":"13","author":"Javaheri","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pract. Proced. Aesthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"433","article-title":"Ten-year Clinical Performance of Posterior Resin Composite Restorations","volume":"17","author":"Reinelt","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Adhes. Dent."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2006.02.005","article-title":"Is the wear of dental composites still a clinical concern? Is there still a need for in vitro wear simulating devices?","volume":"22","author":"Ferracane","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514544217","article-title":"Longevity of posterior composite restorations: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"93","author":"Opdam","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517391","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/517391","article-title":"A safe protocol for amalgam removal","volume":"2012","author":"Colson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Environ. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rasines Alcaraz, M.G., Veitz-Keenan, A., Sahrmann, P., Schmidlin, P.R., Davis, D., and Iheozor-Ejiofor, Z. (2014). Direct composite resin fillings versus amalgam fillings for permanent or adult posterior teeth. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., CD005620.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005620.pub2"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"(2022, December 21). EUR-Lex Access to European Union law. Regulation (EU) 2017\/852 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2017 on mercury, and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1102\/2008 (Text with EEA relevance). Available online: https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32017R0852."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2009.04.010","article-title":"Selection of dental materials and longevity of replaced restorations in Public Dental Health clinics in northern Sweden","volume":"37","author":"Lindberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12004","article-title":"Longevity of posterior dental restorations and reasons for failure","volume":"120","author":"Kopperud","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2009.08.002","article-title":"Effect of filler particle size and morphology on force\/work parameters for stickiness of unset resin-composites","volume":"25","author":"Kaleem","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2011.04.008","article-title":"Synthesis and study of properties of dental resin composites with different nanosilica particles size","volume":"27","author":"Karabela","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2010.03.015","article-title":"Contraction stress related to composite inorganic content","volume":"26","author":"Kawano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2011.06.001","article-title":"22-Year clinical evaluation of the performance of two posterior composites with different filler characteristics","volume":"27","author":"Donassollo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2011.09.003","article-title":"Longevity of posterior composite restorations: Not only a matter of materials","volume":"28","author":"Demarco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2010.10.020","article-title":"Resin composite\u2014state of the art","volume":"27","author":"Ferracane","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E173","DOI":"10.2341\/17-208-T","article-title":"Nanofilled Resin Composite Properties and Clinical Performance: A Review","volume":"43","author":"Alzraikat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oper. Dent."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"585","article-title":"A randomized 10-year prospective follow-up of Class II nanohybrid and conventional hybrid resin composite restorations","volume":"16","author":"Pallesen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Adhes. Dent."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2009.06.001","article-title":"Three-year randomized clinical trial to evaluate the clinical performance and wear of a nanocomposite versus a hybrid composite","volume":"25","author":"Palaniappan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2011.603355","article-title":"Extensive composite molar restorations: 3 years clinical evaluation","volume":"70","author":"Laegreid","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Odontol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510376071","article-title":"12-year survival of composite vs. amalgam restorations","volume":"89","author":"Opdam","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78S","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513484337","article-title":"Patient risk factors\u2019 influence on survival of posterior composites","volume":"92","author":"Opdam","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1995.0052","article-title":"Does the cycle of rerestoration lead to larger restorations?","volume":"126","author":"Brantley","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8240.2004.tb00446.x","article-title":"Direct composite resin restorations: A review of some clinical procedures to achieve predictable results in posterior teeth","volume":"16","author":"Lopes","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Esthet. Restor. Dent."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"481","article-title":"Buonocore Memorial Lecture. Review of the clinical survival of direct and indirect restorations in posterior teeth of the permanent dentition","volume":"29","author":"Manhart","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oper. Dent."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-005-0017-0","article-title":"Reprinting the classic article on USPHS evaluation methods for measuring the clinical research performance of restorative materials","volume":"9","author":"Bayne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5712(99)00059-7","article-title":"A five-year clinical evaluation of Class II composite resin restorations","volume":"28","author":"Rasmusson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5712(98)00026-8","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of a posterior composite 10-year report","volume":"27","author":"Raskin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"e240","article-title":"Retrospective study of the 10-year clinical performance of direct resin composite restorations placed with the acid-etch technique","volume":"38","author":"Nikaido","year":"2007","journal-title":"Quintessence Int."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-006-0095-7","article-title":"Recommendations for conducting controlled clinical studies of dental restorative materials","volume":"11","author":"Hickel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2017.10.007","article-title":"The use of FDI criteria in clinical trials on direct dental restorations: A scoping review","volume":"68","author":"Marquillier","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-010-0432-8","article-title":"FDI World Dental Federation: Clinical criteria for the evaluation of direct and indirect restorations-update and clinical examples","volume":"14","author":"Hickel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2010.02.007","article-title":"Durability of resin composite restorations in high C-factor cavities: A 12-year follow-up","volume":"38","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-003-0201-z","article-title":"Composite resin fillings and inlays. An 11-year evaluation","volume":"7","author":"Pallesen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2004.02.005","article-title":"Five-year clinical performance of posterior resin composite restorations placed by dental students","volume":"32","author":"Opdam","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8240.2006.00033.x","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of direct cuspal coverage with posterior composite resin restorations","volume":"18","author":"Deliperi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Esthet. Restor. Dent."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"407","article-title":"Clinical effectiveness of direct class II restorations-a meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Heintze","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Adhes. Dent."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2015.05.004","article-title":"Survival of direct resin restorations in posterior teeth within a 19-year period (1996-2015): A meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"31","author":"Beck","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"35","article-title":"Problems of Direct Composite Posterior Restorations: A Clinical Study","volume":"93","author":"Zahn","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dent Probl. Solut."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-016-1779-2","article-title":"Controlled, prospective, randomized, clinical split-mouth evaluation of partial ceramic crowns luted with a new, universal adhesive system\/resin cement: Results after 18 months","volume":"20","author":"Vogl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2016.12.009","article-title":"Flowable composites for restoration of non-carious cervical lesions: Three-year results","volume":"33","author":"May","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"122","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial of four adhesion strategies in cervical lesions: 12-month results","volume":"10","author":"Tay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Esthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.2341\/13-045-C","article-title":"A new universal simplified adhesive: 18-month clinical evaluation","volume":"39","author":"Kose","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oper. Dent."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-04019-y","article-title":"One-year results of a novel self-adhesive bulk-fill restorative and a conventional bulk-fill composite in class II cavities-a randomized clinical split-mouth study","volume":"26","author":"Cieplik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"(2018, December 30). Calibration Tool E-Calib. E-Calib. Available online: www.e-calib.info."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"905","article-title":"Motivation und Aufkl\u00e4rung","volume":"85","author":"Saxer","year":"1975","journal-title":"SSO. Schweiz. Monatsschr. Zahnheilkd."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2015.06.012","article-title":"A 15-year randomized controlled study of a reduced shrinkage stress resin composite","volume":"31","author":"Lindberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2014.11.001","article-title":"Retrospective evaluation of posterior direct composite restorations: 10-year findings","volume":"31","author":"Lempel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2015.03.006","article-title":"18-year survival of posterior composite resin restorations with and without glass ionomer cement as base","volume":"31","author":"Rodolpho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2005.03.007","article-title":"Outcome of direct restorations placed within the general dental services in England and Wales (Part 2): Variation by patients\u2019 characteristics","volume":"33","author":"Burke","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2005.03.008","article-title":"Outcome of direct restorations placed within the general dental services in England and Wales (Part 1): Variation by type of restoration and re-intervention","volume":"33","author":"Lucarotti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2005.03.009","article-title":"Outcome of direct restorations placed within the general dental services in England and Wales (Part 3): Variation by dentist factors","volume":"33","author":"Lucarotti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2005.03.010","article-title":"Outcome of direct restorations placed within the general dental services in England and Wales (Part 4): Influence of time and place","volume":"33","author":"Burke","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"488","article-title":"Survival analysis of posterior restorations using an insurance claims database","volume":"27","author":"Bogacki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oper. Dent."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2016.11.013","article-title":"Laboratory mechanical parameters of composite resins and their relation to fractures and wear in clinical trials-A systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Heintze","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2015.08.146","article-title":"A randomized controlled 30 years follow up of three conventional resin composites in Class II restorations","volume":"31","author":"Pallesen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2005.09.006","article-title":"A clinical evaluation of posterior composite restorations: 17-year findings","volume":"34","author":"Cenci","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2015.09.003","article-title":"A randomized controlled 27 years follow up of three resin composites in Class II restorations","volume":"43","author":"Pallesen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2015.05.001","article-title":"Longevity of posterior resin composite restorations in adults\u2013A systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Dagerhamn","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-013-0957-8","article-title":"Nanohybrid vs. fine hybrid composite in extended class II cavities: 8-year results","volume":"18","author":"Frankenberger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-014-1345-8","article-title":"Eight-year randomized clinical evaluation of Class II nanohybrid resin composite restorations bonded with a one-step self-etch or a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive","volume":"19","author":"Pallesen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2019.05.018","article-title":"Randomized 36-month follow-up of posterior bulk-filled resin composite restorations","volume":"85","author":"Loguercio","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2015.09.001","article-title":"Is secondary caries with composites a material-based problem?","volume":"31","author":"Nedeljkovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"131630","article-title":"Shrinkage Stresses Generated during Resin-Composite Applications: A Review","volume":"2010","author":"Schneider","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dent. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2016.08.003","article-title":"Longevity of direct and indirect resin composite restorations in permanent posterior teeth: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Cunha","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2014.11.016","article-title":"A comparison of stresses in molar teeth restored with inlays and direct restorations, including polymerization shrinkage of composite resin and tooth loading during mastication","volume":"31","author":"Dejak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2012.01.004","article-title":"Bonding of low-shrinking composites in high C-factor cavities","volume":"40","author":"Mine","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2012.11.021","article-title":"Longevity of posterior resin composite restorations in permanent teeth in Public Dental Health Service: A prospective 8 years follow up","volume":"41","author":"Pallesen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2017.05.012","article-title":"Longevity of 2- and 3-surface restorations in posterior teeth of 25- to 30-year-olds attending Public Dental Service-A 13-year observation","volume":"62","author":"Palotie","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e195","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.12630","article-title":"Quality and Survival of Direct Light-Activated Composite Resin Restorations in Posterior Teeth: A 5- to 20-Year Retrospective Longitudinal Study","volume":"28","author":"Borgia","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Batchelor, P.A., and Sheiham, A. (2004). Grouping of tooth surfaces by susceptibility to caries: A study in 5-16 year-old children. BMC Oral Health, 4.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-4-2"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0056","article-title":"Should my composite restorations last forever? Why are they failing?","volume":"31","author":"Demarco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Braz. Oral Res."},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"292","article-title":"Ten-Year Survival of Class II Restorations Placed by General Practitioners","volume":"1","author":"Laske","year":"2016","journal-title":"JDR Clin. Trans. Res."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2016.01.002","article-title":"Longevity of direct restorations in Dutch dental practices. Descriptive study out of a practice based research network","volume":"46","author":"Laske","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8240.2006.00007.x","article-title":"Two-year clinical evaluation of repair versus replacement of composite restorations","volume":"18","author":"Gordan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Esthet. Restor. Dent."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2016.08.008","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of repairing versus replacing composite or amalgam restorations","volume":"54","author":"Kanzow","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dent."}],"container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-6767\/11\/3\/69\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:45:12Z","timestamp":1760121912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-6767\/11\/3\/69"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["dj11030069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/dj11030069","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-6767"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2304-6767","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]}}}