{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T07:40:33Z","timestamp":1783150833504,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","award":["PJT\u2014165957"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT\u2014165957"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Until recently, it was widely accepted that bacteria participate in caries pathogenesis mainly through carbohydrate fermentation and acid production, which promote the dissolution of tooth components. Neutrophils, on the other hand, were considered white blood cells with no role in caries pathogenesis. Nevertheless, current literature suggests that both bacteria and neutrophils, among other factors, possess direct degradative activity towards both dentinal collagen type-1 and\/or methacrylate resin-based restoratives and adhesives, the most common dental restoratives. Neutrophils are abundant leukocytes in the gingival sulcus, where they can readily reach adjacent tooth roots or gingival and cervical restorations and execute their degradative activity. In this review, we present the latest literature evidence for bacterial, dentinal, salivary, and neutrophil degradative action that may induce primary caries, secondary caries, and restoration failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj11090217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T06:36:45Z","timestamp":1694932605000},"page":"217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Role of Bacterial, Dentinal, Salivary, and Neutrophil Degradative Activity in Caries Pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yuval","family":"Peled","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1540-0846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cameron A.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6248-5977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Glogauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Dental Oncology, Maxillofacial and Ocular Prosthetics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1707-2698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoav","family":"Finer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60031-2","article-title":"Dental caries","volume":"369","author":"Selwitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"The prevalence of dental caries and associated factors among secondary school children in rural highland Vietnam","volume":"21","author":"Son","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"3","article-title":"The global increase in dental caries. 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