{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T23:19:57Z","timestamp":1784675997388,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japanese Dental Association, The Fellowship of the International Exchange Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this systematic review is to describe and identify the prospects of \u03b2-Tricalcium Phosphate (\u03b2-TCP) as an alveolar bone grafting (ABG) material in cleft lip\/palate (CL\/P) or alveolar bone cleft defects. A systematic review protocol based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 (PRISMA 2020) was drafted. The literature search was conducted using MEDLINE\/PubMed, Web of Science\/ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, with English as the inclusion criterion and no publication year limits. The keywords yielded a total of 5824 publications. After removing duplicates and non-English articles, there were 3196 suitable articles available for evaluation. Subsequently, 1315 studies remained after reviewing titles and abstracts. Furthermore, 85 full articles were assessed for eligibility. After reading the complete texts of those papers, 20 were eventually selected that matched the inclusion requirements. Thirteen out of the twenty studies included in this systematic review were deemed to have a low risk of bias; one had a high risk of bias; and six had a moderate risk of bias due to not reporting randomization. \u03b2-TCP, when used as an ABG material, is biocompatible, visible, practical, offers a less invasive procedure, and does not interfere with orthodontic treatment. Synthetic \u03b2-TCP for ABG can be an alternative to autologous bone grafts under certain terms and conditions. The efficacy of \u03b2-TCP for ABG in CL\/P or alveolar bone cleft defects can be enhanced through a tissue engineering approach that combines \u03b2-TCP with growth factors, mesenchymal stem cells, or other graft materials, along with modifications to \u03b2-TCP\u2019s physical properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj11100234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T14:17:26Z","timestamp":1696688246000},"page":"234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["\u03b2-Tricalcium Phosphate as Alveolar Bone Grafting in Cleft Lip\/Palate: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Alexander Patera","family":"Nugraha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 9830865, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 9830865, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junduo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 9830865, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunhua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 9830865, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ploypim","family":"Kraisintu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 9830865, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyaw","family":"Zaww","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 9830865, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aobo","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 9830865, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruixian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 9830865, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nada Emad Alshafei Mohamed","family":"Alhadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 9830865, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9735-0872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Ram\u00f3n","family":"Vanegas S\u00e1enz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 9830865, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6620-1302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guang","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 9830865, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.4103\/jispcd.JISPCD_388_18","article-title":"The Densitometric Analysis of Protein Pattern in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients","volume":"9","author":"Iskandar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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