{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T10:19:07Z","timestamp":1784197147358,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Objective: This scoping review evaluates the effects of miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) on different regions of the upper airway in adult patients and investigates various methods of measurement. (2) Methods: The search encompassed Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science. This review was conducted following the PRISMA_ScR guidelines, and the inclusion criteria for examined studies were chosen in accordance with the PICOS framework. (3) Results: Seven studies were included in this review, comprising four retrospective studies, one prospective and two case reports. All studies involved the use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) for measurements of the areas of interest. The percentage of increase in the volume of the nasal cavity varied between 31% and 9.9%, depending on the study. Volumetric variations in the nasopharynx were reported as increases between T0 (before expansion) and T1 (immediately after expansion) of 6.4%, 20.7% and 14.1%. All studies considered T0 before expansion and T1 immediately after expansion. Only one study evaluated remote follow-up to assess if the results were maintained after one year. (4) Conclusions: MARPE appears to lead to a statistically significant increase in the upper airway, especially in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx immediately after expansion. However, further prospective and retrospective trails with long-term controls are required to verify the effects of MARPE on the upper airway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj12030060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T07:36:21Z","timestamp":1709278581000},"page":"60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Does Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion Influence Upper Airway in Adult Patients? A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4440-5277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariachiara","family":"Benetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Science, Post Graduate School of Orthodontics, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale, 01924 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9747-8305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Montresor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Science, Post Graduate School of Orthodontics, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale, 01924 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Cantarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Commenda 10, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Zerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Hygiene, University of Verona, Via San Marco 121, 37138 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4563-9804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Spinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Science, Post Graduate School of Orthodontics, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale, 01924 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, L., Zhai, M., Wang, M., Cui, S., Cheng, C., Wang, J., and Wei, F. (2023). Three-Dimensional Evaluation Effects of Microimplant-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion on the Upper Airway Volume: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12051790"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/14.3.173","article-title":"Longitudinal study and cost-benefit analysis of the effect of early treatment of posterior cross-bites in the primary dentition","volume":"14","author":"Kurol","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjab005","article-title":"Efficacy of Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (MARPE) in late adolescents and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Theodorou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"290964","article-title":"Clinical Study Changes in the Upper and Lower Pharyngeal Airway Spaces Associated with Rapid Maxillary Expansion","volume":"2012","author":"Aloufi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Sch. Res. Not."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"158","article-title":"Airway problems in children\u2014Can the orthodontist help?","volume":"24","author":"McDonald","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann. Acad. Med. Singap."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/151.3_Pt_1.682","article-title":"The familial aggregation of obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"151","author":"Redline","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/23.6.703","article-title":"Maxillary morphology in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Seto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-021-00397-x","article-title":"Mini-implant assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) effects on adult obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and quality of life: A multi-center prospective controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"Brunetto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.09.050","article-title":"Complications following surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"70","author":"Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.01.021","article-title":"Surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion: A literature review","volume":"133","author":"Suri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.04.043","article-title":"Microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion appliance to orthopedically correct transverse maxillary deficiency in an adult","volume":"149","author":"Carlson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2017.47.2.77","article-title":"Skeletal and dentoalveolar changes after miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion in young adults: A cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"47","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod21.324","article-title":"Effect and stability of miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Korean J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"(2023, December 18). L\u2019ancoraggio Scheletrico Nelle Metodiche di Espansione Palatale Tepedino Michele. Available online: https:\/\/www.sido.it\/public\/media\/copertina_fad_2020_sito_pacchetto_last.pdf."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-017-0188-7","article-title":"Changes in the midpalatal and pterygopalatine sutures induced by micro-implant-supported skeletal expander, analyzed with a novel 3D method based on CBCT imaging","volume":"18","author":"Cantarella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-020-00342-4","article-title":"An assessment of the magnitude, parallelism, and asymmetry of micro-implant-assisted rapid maxillary expansion in non-growing patients","volume":"21","author":"Elkenawy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2017.11.033","article-title":"Midfacial changes in the coronal plane induced by microimplant-supported skeletal expander, studied with cone-beam computed tomography images","volume":"154","author":"Cantarella","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"463","article-title":"Volumetric upper airway changes after rapid maxillary expansion: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Buck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12378","article-title":"Three-dimensional analyses of short- and long-term effects of rapid maxillary expansion on nasal cavity and upper airway: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Niu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthod. Craniofac. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2019.01.001","article-title":"Effects of non-surgical rapid maxillary expansion on nasal structures and breathing: A systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Alyessary","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2020.50.5.314","article-title":"Short-term treatment effects produced by rapid maxillary expansion evaluated with computed tomography: A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Giudice","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1615\/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2021038874","article-title":"Evaluation of Soft Tissue and Airway Changes in Individuals Treated with Mini-Implant Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (MARPE)","volume":"32","author":"Shetty","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Long Term Eff. Med. Implants"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2017.47.6.353","article-title":"Investigation of the effects of miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion on airflow in the upper airway of an adult patient with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome using computational fluidstructure interaction analysis","volume":"47","author":"Hur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.2319\/080919-522.1","article-title":"Comparison of dimensions and volume of upper airway before and after mini-implant assisted rapid maxillary expansion","volume":"90","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.12.013","article-title":"A comparative analysis of aerodynamic and anatomic characteristics of upper airway before and after mini-implant\u2013assisted rapid maxillary expansion","volume":"159","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2019.01.005","article-title":"Effects of maxillary skeletal expansion on respiratory function and sport performance in a para-athlete\u2014A case report","volume":"36","author":"Garcez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Ther. Sport"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.2319\/092917-656.1","article-title":"Assessment of changes in the nasal airway after nonsurgical miniscrew-assisted rapid maxillary expansion in young adults","volume":"88","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2023.05.005","article-title":"The effects of miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion on the upper airway of adults with midpalatal suture in the last two degrees of ossification","volume":"12","author":"Franzini","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. World Fed. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"57","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion in children with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSAS)","volume":"13","author":"Marino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.110.5.1184","article-title":"Influence of maxillary constriction on nasal resistance and sleep apnea severity in patients with Marfan\u2019s syndrome","volume":"110","author":"Cistulli","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(77)90123-3","article-title":"Palatal suture closure in man from 15 to 35 years of age","volume":"72","author":"Persson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"313","article-title":"Sutural closure in rabbit and man: A morphological and histochemical study","volume":"125","author":"Persson","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(75)90158-X","article-title":"Palatal growth studied on human autopsy material. A histologic microradiographic study","volume":"68","author":"Melsen","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-007-0729-7","article-title":"Age-dependent three-dimensional microcomputed tomography analysis of the human midpalatal suture","volume":"68","author":"Korbmacher","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Orofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.02.034","article-title":"Imaging of the midpalatal suture in a porcine model: Flat-panel volume computed tomography compared with multislice computed tomography","volume":"108","author":"Hahn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320470507","article-title":"Sutural biology and the correlates of craniosynostosis","volume":"47","author":"Cohen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.04.022","article-title":"Midpalatal suture maturation: Classification method for individual assessment before rapid maxillary expansion","volume":"144","author":"Angelieri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12053","article-title":"The relationship between upper airways and craniofacial morphology studied in 3D. A CBCT study","volume":"18","author":"Polimeni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Orthod. Craniofac. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-013-0278-3","article-title":"Upper airway imaging in sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"114","author":"Poirrier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Belg."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20170042","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20170042","article-title":"A new simple three-dimensional method to characterize upper airway in orthognathic surgery patient","volume":"46","author":"Gurani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"9","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in the pediatric age: The role of the dentsit","volume":"23","author":"Luzzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjy058","article-title":"Reliability of upper airway assessment using CBCT","volume":"41","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"737","article-title":"The effects of body posture on upper airway in OSAHS patients","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/144.4.845","article-title":"The effect of posture on upper airway dimensions in normal subjects and in patients with the sleep apnea\/hypopnea syndrome","volume":"144","author":"Yildirim","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2012.1010","article-title":"Change in upper airway geometry between upright and supine position during tidal nasal breathing","volume":"27","author":"Verhulst","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.ejo.a036007","article-title":"Changes in the pharyngeal airway in relation to extension of the head","volume":"11","author":"Hellsing","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1054\/ijom.2002.0279","article-title":"The effect of head posture on the pharyngeal airway space (PAS)","volume":"31","author":"Muto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-6709.22.1.110-125.sar","article-title":"Non-surgical treatment of transverse deficiency in adults using Microimplant-assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (MARPE)","volume":"22","author":"Brunetto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dent. Press. J. Orthod."}],"container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-6767\/12\/3\/60\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:07:49Z","timestamp":1760105269000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-6767\/12\/3\/60"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["dj12030060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/dj12030060","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-6767"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2304-6767","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]}}}