{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:39:02Z","timestamp":1787027942578,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Treating central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is challenging due to high recurrence rates and variable therapy responses. This study examines the efficacy of various treatments in reducing CGCG recurrence. A literature review explored outcomes of surgical excision, curettage, intralesional corticosteroid injection, and adjuvant therapy, considering factors like lesion location, size, and histological features. Aggressive surgical techniques such as en bloc resection were found to potentially lower recurrence rates compared to conservative approaches. However, treatment should be tailored to individual patient needs. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and improve treatment strategies. A concise literature review was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar, focusing on papers published from 1986 to 2024. Search terms included \u201ccentral giant cell granuloma\u201d, \u201crecurrence\u201d, \u201ctreatment modalities\u201d, and \u201csurgical excision\u201d. Studies reporting recurrence rates and treatment outcomes for CGCG were analyzed. Twenty-nine studies were reviewed, including six studies on surgical excision and curettage, eight studies on intralesional corticosteroid injections, six studies on calcitonin therapy, five studies on interferon-alpha therapy, and four studies on the therapy with denosumab. Analysis indicated that aggressive surgical treatments like en bloc resection were associated with lower recurrence rates compared to conservative methods. Predictors of recurrence included lesion size (&gt;3 cm), location (mandible), and aggressive histopathological features. Aggressive surgical excision combined with nonsurgical methods may lower recurrence rates, while conservative techniques remain viable in some cases. Further prospective research is needed to validate these findings and enhance CGCG treatment options.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj12090295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T03:34:20Z","timestamp":1726716860000},"page":"295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evaluating Treatment Modalities for Reducing Recurrence in Central Giant Cell Granuloma: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Flamur","family":"Aliu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Dental Clinic \u201cI Dent\u201d, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donika Bajrami","family":"Shabani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Pathology and Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iliriana","family":"Aliu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Dental Clinic \u201cI Dent\u201d, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6826-2205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etleva Droboniku","family":"Qeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Therapy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine, 1005 Tirana, Albania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3230-129X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerta","family":"Ka\u00e7ani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine, 1005 Tirana, Albania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0335-4165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Fiorillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Aldent, 1007 Tirana, Albania"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy"},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80121 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3354-2194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aida","family":"Meto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Aldent, 1007 Tirana, Albania"},{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nilesh, K., Dadhich, A., and Patil, R. (2020). Management of recurrent central giant cell granuloma of mandible using intralesional corticosteroid with long-term follow-up. BMJ Case Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-237200"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2016.11.015","article-title":"A central giant cell granuloma in posterior part of maxilla\u2014A case report","volume":"30","author":"Garg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg. 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