{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T17:14:19Z","timestamp":1776878059345,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Our study aimed to establish the basic reliability parameters of direct immunofluorescence test results in patients with oral lichen planus. Methods: We conducted an evaluation of individual antibody classes in the DIF and ELISA (BP180 antigen), comparing these results with the classical histopathological (HP) examination in a group of patients treated within the standard healthcare in our clinic. Results: Among 66 participants with oral changes indicative of LP, only 50% received histopathological confirmation of the LP diagnosis. Among those with a DIF profile entirely typical for LP (C3+, F+), 57.1% had a positive HP result. Fibrinogen deposits were identified in 42.4% and 36.4% of individuals with positive HP results for F1 and F2, respectively; 78.8% of patients with negative HP and 57.6% with positive HP exhibited no fibrinogen deposits. Simultaneous positivity for F1 and F2 occurred in all cases where F1 was positive. HP confirmed positive DIF for C3 in 50% of cases. Fibrinogen deposits demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy (61%). Sensitivity and specificity for fibrinogen deposits were 36% and 42% for F1 and 79% and 82% for F2. The positive predictive values were 67% for F1 and 67% for F2, while the negative predictive values were 58% for F1 and 56% for F2. Overall diagnostic accuracy was reported at 61% for F1 and 59% for F2. Conclusions: Our data indicate the complementarity of HP and immunological test results and the necessity of using both methods together in cases of doubt.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj12120396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T03:44:47Z","timestamp":1733456687000},"page":"396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Direct Immunofluorescence in Oral Lichen Planus and Related Lesions: Sensitivity, Specificity, and Diagnostic Accuracy in a Single Diagnostic Center in Poland"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Osipowicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinika OT.CO (OT.CO Clinic), 00-716 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4297-8034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konrad","family":"Szyma\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Pietrzyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6407-4519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilia","family":"Milczarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mucosal and Periodontal Diseases, University Stomatology Center of the Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cezary","family":"Kowalewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"G\u00f3rska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mucosal and Periodontal Diseases, University Stomatology Center of the Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Wo\u017aniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13323","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence of oral lichen planus: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Warnakulasuriya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2003.00125.x","article-title":"Lack of clinicopathologic correlation in the diagnosis of oral lichen planus based on the presently available diagnostic criteria and suggestions for modifications","volume":"32","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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