{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:43:25Z","timestamp":1783471405657,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The prevalence of gingival recessions (GRs) in the global population is 78%. A long-term study showed a 47% increase in the prevalence of GRs five years post-orthodontic treatment, particularly in the lower anterior region. It can be caused and\/or exacerbated after orthodontic treatment, where the retainer placed can induce tooth movement or when it fails to maintain a passive position upon bonding. Thus, the goal of this case report was to present treatments for gingival recessions, with the approaches of the laterally closed tunnel technique and parallel incision methods, after orthodontic treatment in patients using non-passive lingual retainers. Methods: This case report adhered to the CARE guidelines. Three healthy patients were referred due to GR defects in the lower anterior region (RT1 and RT2). All patients had GR associated with deficient lingual-fixed orthodontics retainers. The same experienced periodontist (ATD) developed the surgeries and aimed to achieve root coverage using the connective tissue graft associated with a coronally advanced flap (CAF) and modify the recipient area\u2019s gingival phenotype. Results: In all cases, a new orthodontic treatment was not possible due to anatomical or patient-related factors. Outcomes after six months, three years, and five years are presented, encompassing clinical and esthetic evaluations. Conclusions: GRs must always be addressed by orthodontic therapy or lingual-fixed orthodontic retainers. In cases where dental elements are positioned outside the bone envelope, orthodontic treatment may be considered before root coverage surgery. Therefore, surgical intervention should be undertaken for the keratinized tissue and volume gain, independently of the tooth position. Modifying the phenotype in these situations is vital for the long-term maintenance of periodontal health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj13030093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T07:53:06Z","timestamp":1740124386000},"page":"93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Treatment of Gingival Recessions in the Lower Anterior Region Associated with the Use\/Absence of Lingual-Fixed Orthodontics Retainers: Three Case Reports Using the Laterally Closed Tunnel Technique and Parallel Incision Methods"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Alexandra Tavares","family":"Dias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontics Department, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica Figueiredo","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontics Department, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7603-3544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana Campos Hasse","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3022-4390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Missouri School of Dentistry & Oral Health, A. T. Still University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S204","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.16-0671","article-title":"Mucogingival conditions in the natural dentition: Narrative review, case definitions, and diagnostic considerations","volume":"89","author":"Cortellini","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1732781","article-title":"Presence of Gingival Recession or Noncarious Cervical Lesions on Teeth under Occlusal Trauma: A Systematic Review","volume":"10","author":"Troia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gen. 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