{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T20:56:19Z","timestamp":1791665779847,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["NRF-2018R1A6A1A03025124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2018R1A6A1A03025124"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Periodontitis and diabetes mellitus are two highly prevalent chronic conditions that share a bidirectional relationship, significantly impacting public health. Periodontitis, a gum inflammation caused by microbial dysbiosis,\u00a0aggravates glycemic control in diabetics, while uncontrolled diabetes\u00a0heightens periodontitis severity. These conditions create a vicious cycle, where inflammation and microbial dysbiosis mutually drive disease progression, exacerbating systemic health. The underlying mechanisms involve inflammation, immune dysfunction, and microbial dysbiosis, with both diseases contributing to a chain of chronic inflammation that exacerbates systemic health. This relationship is significant because managing one condition can significantly impact the other. In diabetic individuals, interventions such as periodontal therapy have shown effectiveness in improving glycemic control, underscoring the potential of integrated strategies for managing these conditions simultaneously. In this review, we highlight the importance of a deeper understanding of the molecular and immunological interactions between these diseases is essential for developing integrated therapeutic approaches, with the potential to enhance the quality of life of the patient significantly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj13030100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T04:46:37Z","timestamp":1740545197000},"page":"100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Chronic Inflammation and Glycemic Control: Exploring the Bidirectional Link Between Periodontitis and Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jyotsna Suresh","family":"Ranbhise","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songhyun","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2232-0350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manish Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunhee","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1769-5879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salima","family":"Akter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joohun","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5764-9482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wonchae","family":"Choe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6817-7668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7117-1008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Insug","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lenartova, M., Tesinska, B., Janatova, T., Hrebicek, O., Mysak, J., Janata, J., and Najmanova, L. 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