{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:14:23Z","timestamp":1760058863007,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"BIOM LLC, 30 N Gould St, #40371, Sheridan, WY 82801, USA"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Dentifrice tablets are a new over-the-counter dentifrice form that are gaining global interest. The aim of this microbial study was to investigate the effectiveness of a dentifrice tablet (DT) containing nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) to prevent tooth demineralization. Methods: 120 bovine tooth blocks were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (30\/group): Nanohydroxyapatite DT (5% nHAP), placebo DT (Placebo), NaF toothpaste (1100 ppm Fluoride) and no-treatment (Control). Blocks were subjected to 7-day demineralization by plaque growth in a mixed-organism Microbial Caries Model. Toothpaste was made into slurry (1 toothpaste:3 water), while DT was thoroughly crushed and homogenized with water (1 tablet:3 water) to slurry. Both slurries were applied twice daily for 2 min on each occasion. Demineralization was assessed using Surface Microhardness (SMH) testing before and after plaque exposure. Change (\u0394SMH) and percentage change (%\u2206SMH) in SMH (percentage demineralization [%Dem]), and % demineralization inhibition (%Dem-Inhibition) in each group were calculated. Intra-group (SMH) comparison (paired t-test) and intergroup (%\u2206SMH) comparison (ANOVA\/Tukey\u2019s test) were conducted (\u03b1 = 0.05). Results: The paired t-test indicated a significant difference (p &lt; 0.001) between pre-treatment and post-treatment SMH in all groups. The intergroup comparison based on their %Dem using ANOVA\/Tukey\u2019s test showed that Control (29.93 \u00b1 5.58) had significantly (p &lt; 0.05) higher %Dem than Placebo (22.81 \u00b1 7.47, p &lt; 0.05), nHAP (13.93 \u00b1 11.31, p &lt; 0.001) and Fluoride (14.44 \u00b1 10.65, p &lt; 0.001). The Placebo had significantly (p &lt; 0.01) higher %Dem than nHAP and Fluoride. No significant difference between nHAP and Fluoride. Intergroup comparison based on their %Dem-Inhibition (calculated relative to the control) using ANOVA\/Tukey\u2019s test, nHAP (51.74 \u00b1 40.05, p &lt; 0.01) and Fluoride (50.56 \u00b1 37.21, p &lt; 0.05) had significantly higher %Dem-Inhibition than Placebo tablet (21.86 \u00b1 5.55). No significant difference in %Dem-Inhibition between nHAP and Fluoride. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that dentifrice tablets containing 5% nanohydroxyapatite are as effective as NaF toothpastes containing 1100 ppm fluoride in preventing tooth demineralization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj13050201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T06:49:02Z","timestamp":1746082142000},"page":"201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Dentifrice Tablet to Prevent Dental Caries: A Microbial Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5097-4466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bennett Tochukwu","family":"Amaechi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3377-307X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kannan","family":"Kanthaiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4652-7660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rayane","family":"Farah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amos Chiedu","family":"Obiefuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Maryland Global Campus, San Antonio, TX 78236, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parveez Ahamed","family":"Abdul-Azees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4465-3064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahalakshmi","family":"Vijayaraghavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech Health Science Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"James","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034517736500","article-title":"The evidence for caries management by risk assessment (CAMBRA\u00ae)","volume":"29","author":"Featherstone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. 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