{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T18:14:47Z","timestamp":1780596887009,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Administration of Kuwait University","award":["DS02\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DS02\/20"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the adhesion of oral microorganisms on the surfaces of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes used in guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures. Materials and Methods: In this study, three oral microorganisms (Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Candida albicans) were used, and six PTFE membranes were characterized by their surface roughness, contact angle (CA), and surface free energy (SFE). Microbial hydrophobicity was investigated, and adhesion was examined via DNA extraction and quantitative real-time PCR. Results: Significant differences were noted amongst the membranes with respect to SFE, CA, and roughness (p &lt; 0.001). S. mutans was the most hydrophobic microorganism, followed by C. albicans and P. gingivalis. SEM analyses confirmed that the microorganisms adhered to all membranes, with Surgitime being the membrane that attracted the highest number of S. mutans (p &lt; 0.001) and P. gingivalis (p &lt; 0.001). By contrast, OsseoGuard-TXT was one of the membranes that attracted the lowest number (p &lt; 0.001) of all three tested species. Conclusions: The results showed that microbial adhesion to PTFE membranes was affected by the membrane surface roughness and SFE, as well as the characteristics of the microorganisms. The most hydrophilic bacteria adhered the least to all the tested membranes, whereas membranes with a low surface roughness and high SFE attracted the lowest number of all the tested microbes. These results may guide the selection of an appropriate GBR membrane.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj13070301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T04:35:52Z","timestamp":1751517352000},"page":"301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["In Vitro Microbial Adhesion on the Surfaces of Various Polytetrafluoroethylene Membranes Used in Guided Bone Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7797-5816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adel","family":"Al-Asfour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1560-3993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria G.","family":"Katsikogianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maribasappa","family":"Karched","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Bioclinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8288-6279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Saad Bin","family":"Qasim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Bioclinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Branko","family":"Trajkovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregor-Georg","family":"Zafiropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12364","article-title":"Guided bone regeneration: Materials and biological mechanisms revisited","volume":"125","author":"Elgali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. 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