{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T19:02:17Z","timestamp":1783364537599,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006472","name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["10277\/13.05.2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10277\/13.05.2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006472","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Adhesion to caries-affected dentin remains challenging due to its altered structure and composition. Remineralizing agents have been proposed to strengthen this substrate and improve bonding. This study evaluated the effect of three remineralization treatments, CPP-ACP, self-assembling peptide P11-4, and silver diamine fluoride (SDF), on the microtensile bond strength (\u03bcTBS) of universal adhesive systems applied to caries-affected dentin, using both etch-and-rinse and self-etch strategies. Methods: Seventy human molars were sectioned and artificially demineralized to simulate caries-affected dentin. Samples were divided into ten groups: four untreated and six treated with CPP-ACP (MI Paste\u2122), P11-4 (Curodont\u2122 Protect), or SDF (Riva Star\u2122). Universal adhesives were applied via etch-and-rinse or self-etch mode, followed by composite restoration. Microtensile bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine, and results were statistically analyzed with ANOVA and t-tests (p &lt; 0.05). Results: Untreated caries-affected dentin showed significantly lower \u03bcTBS than sound dentin (C3: 18.3 \u00b1 5.4 MPa vs. C1: 41.3 \u00b1 2.7 MPa). Remineralization agents improved \u03bcTBS considerably. CPP-ACP achieved the highest recovery (S1: 31.8 \u00b1 2.6 MPa; S2: 29.2 \u00b1 4.6 MPa), nearing sound dentin levels. P11-4 yielded moderate gains (S3: 24.4 \u00b1 6.5 MPa; S4: 24.1 \u00b1 4.7 MPa), while SDF provided the lowest, yet significant, improvements (S5: 23.7 \u00b1 7.5 MPa; S6: 21.3 \u00b1 5.3 MPa). Etch-and-rinse generally produced higher \u03bcTBS than self-etch, but differences were not statistically significant (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: Pre-treatment of caries-affected dentin with CPP-ACP, P11-4, or SDF enhances universal adhesive bond strength, with CPP-ACP showing the most pronounced effect. Remineralization protocols represent a valuable adjunct in restorative procedures involving compromised dentin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj13110493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T04:26:29Z","timestamp":1761711989000},"page":"493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of Remineralization Products on the Microtensile Strength of Universal Dentin Bonding Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Andra Claudia","family":"T\u0103r\u0103boan\u021b\u0103-Gamen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Str. Universitatii No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian Marius","family":"Toma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Programs for Institutional Development\u2014Scientific Research Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Str. Universitatii No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasilica","family":"Toma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Str. Universitatii No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5452-916X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ionu\u021b","family":"T\u0103r\u0103boan\u021b\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Str. Universitatii No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Stoleriu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Str. Universitatii No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Serban Pintiliciuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Str. Universitatii No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sorin","family":"Andrian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Str. Universitatii No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbosa-Martins, L.F., Sousa, J.P., Alves, L.A., Davies, R.P.W., and Puppin-Rontanti, R.M. (2018). Biomimetic Mineralizing Agents Recover the Micro Tensile Bond Strength of Demineralized Dentin. 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