{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T10:23:06Z","timestamp":1789467786215,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between skeletal class and morphological patterns of the mandibular symphysis. Methods: The sample consisted of 90 patients with an average age of 18 years (44 &gt; x &gt; 12). In order to investigate any correlation between skeletal class and morphological patterns of the mandibular symphysis, the following tests were used: Pearson\u2019s correlation test, Spearman\u2019s test, and the analysis of variance test (ANOVA) followed by Tukey\u2019s post hoc HDS test. The significance level was set at 0.050. Results: Pearson\u2019s correlation test and ANOVA showed a weak negative correlation between malocclusion and symphyseal height. Therefore, as ANB increases, symphyseal height decreases (r = \u22120.25, p &lt; 0.01). In addition, a strong positive correlation was found between ANB and IMPA (r = 0.47, p &lt; 0.01). So, as ANB increases, IMPA increases. No statistically significant association was found between symphyseal morphology and IMPA (Spearman\u2019s test). Conclusions: The analysis revealed a weak but statistically significant negative correlation between ANB angle and symphysis height, indicating that as sagittal discrepancy increases (higher ANB), the symphysis tends to be shorter (r = \u22120.25, p &lt; 0.01). A moderate positive correlation was also found between ANB and IMPA (r = 0.47, p &lt; 0.01), suggesting that a more pronounced Class II skeletal pattern is associated with greater incisor proclination. However, no significant relationship was observed between symphysis type (A\/B\/C) and IMPA. When comparing skeletal classes, Class III subjects displayed significantly greater symphyseal height than Class II subjects (p &lt; 0.001), while Class II subjects showed the highest IMPA values (p &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj13110544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T10:30:59Z","timestamp":1763634659000},"page":"544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Symphyseal Morphology in Sagittal Skeletal Discrepancies: A Retrospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Squillace","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0497-5991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosanna","family":"Guarnieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2943-6532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachele","family":"Podda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6876-8839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriella","family":"Galluccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Di Giorgio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ersilia","family":"Barbato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Craniofacial Growth: New Theories","volume":"10","author":"Minervini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. 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