{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T08:58:05Z","timestamp":1764320285826,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Lymphangiomas are rare benign malformations of the lymphatic system, most frequently affecting the head and neck region. Oral involvement is uncommon, and when the tongue is affected, particularly its anterior two-thirds, it can cause major functional and esthetic disturbances. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 13-year-old boy who had undergone total glossectomy at the age of 4 for cystic lymphangioma. During follow-up, the patient presented marked dental and craniofacial alterations, including severe maxillary and mandibular crowding and a skeletal Class III pattern. This case highlights the significant morphological and functional consequences resulting from the absence of the tongue during growth. Conclusions: This case underscores the crucial role of the tongue in craniofacial growth and occlusal development. Early total glossectomy can result in long-term dental and skeletal disturbances, emphasizing the importance of early multidisciplinary follow-up combining surgical, orthodontic, and functional rehabilitation. Further studies are needed to establish appropriate management and rehabilitation protocols for such rare cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj13120559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T08:26:57Z","timestamp":1764318417000},"page":"559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Craniofacial and Dental Complications Following Total Glossectomy Without Multidisciplinary Follow-Up: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Fatima","family":"Salek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Dento Facial, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Rabat, University Mohamed V, Allal El Fassi Avenue, Mohamed Jazouli Street, Rabat 6212, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Loubna","family":"Bahije","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Dento Facial, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Rabat, University Mohamed V, Allal El Fassi Avenue, Mohamed Jazouli Street, Rabat 6212, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Zaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Dento Facial, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Rabat, University Mohamed V, Allal El Fassi Avenue, Mohamed Jazouli Street, Rabat 6212, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"311","article-title":"Lymphangioma of the tongue associated with open bite: Case report","volume":"20","author":"Farronato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"658","article-title":"Infected lymphangioma tongue presenting as macroglossia\u2014A case report","volume":"6","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sch. J. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.5606\/kbbihtisas.2014.00236","article-title":"Lymphangioma of the tongue: Report of four cases with dental aspects","volume":"24","author":"Keskin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtis. Derg."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1179\/146531204225011346","article-title":"Applications of 3D imaging in orthodontics: Part I","volume":"31","author":"Hajeer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"33","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of tongue position and volume in adult patients with different skeletal malocclusions","volume":"33","author":"Chiou","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Prev. Treat. Stomatol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2209\/tdcpublication.44.43","article-title":"Malocclusion associated with abnormal posture","volume":"44","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bull. Tokyo Dent. Coll."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e04537","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.4537","article-title":"Oral manifestations and dental care management of a young patient with lymphangioma of the tongue: A case report","volume":"9","author":"Chouchene","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Enderby, P. (1983). Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment, College-Hill Press."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpor.2016.04.004","article-title":"Assessment of masticatory performance by means of a color-changeable chewing gum","volume":"61","author":"Tarkowska","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/S1808-8694(15)31114-9","article-title":"Specific tests for nasal permeability","volume":"73","author":"Roithmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Braz. J. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1159\/000266348","article-title":"Dysphagia: Evaluation and treatment","volume":"47","author":"Logemann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Folia Phoniatr. Logop."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12206","article-title":"Ankyloglossia as a risk factor for maxillary hypoplasia and soft palate elongation: A functional-morphological study","volume":"20","author":"Yoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthod. Craniofac Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjs015","article-title":"The association of tongue posture with the dentoalveolar maxillary and mandibular morphology in Class III malocclusion: A controlled study","volume":"35","author":"Primozic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.2319\/angl-85-04-715-715.1","article-title":"The influence of the tongue on dentofacial growth","volume":"85","author":"Mew","year":"2015","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsc.2021.102053","article-title":"Lymphangioma of the tongue in a pediatric patient","volume":"75","author":"AlGhamdi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"e61281","article-title":"The influence of the tongue on the development of dental malocclusion","volume":"16","author":"Deshkar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2008.05.010","article-title":"Effects of tongue volume reduction on craniofacial growth: A longitudinal study on orofacial skeletons and dental arches","volume":"53","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjr054","article-title":"Cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of relationship between tongue volume and lower incisor irregularity","volume":"35","author":"Uysal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-024-09059-0","article-title":"Five-year long-term functional and quality of life outcomes in total glossectomy survivors","volume":"282","author":"Nemade","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-017-0234-y","article-title":"Functional and quality of life outcomes after partial glossectomy: A multi-institutional longitudinal study of the head and neck research network","volume":"46","author":"Dzioba","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(68)90241-8","article-title":"The role of function in the etiology and treatment of malocclusion","volume":"54","author":"Harvold","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"309","article-title":"The tongue as a factor in craniofacial growth","volume":"166","author":"Schumacher","year":"1988","journal-title":"Anat. Anz."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"265","article-title":"Mechanics of facial growth in young patients","volume":"23","author":"Defabianis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjl014","article-title":"Reverse-sequencing chewing patterns before and after treatment of children with a unilateral posterior cross-bite","volume":"28","author":"Piancino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/22.5.463","article-title":"Electropalatographic and cephalometric assessment of tongue function in open bite and non-open bite subjects","volume":"22","author":"Cayley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.23.4.7835526","article-title":"B-mode ultrasound scanning of the tongue during swallowing","volume":"23","author":"Fuhrmann","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"95","article-title":"Aglossia: Case report","volume":"20","author":"Bommarito","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004008","article-title":"Appraisal of function after rehabilitation with tongue prosthesis","volume":"29","author":"Kharade","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Craniofacial Surg."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22spe2","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-6709.27.2.e22spe2","article-title":"Very early orthodontic treatment: When, why and how?","volume":"27","author":"Moser","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dent. Press J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"7","article-title":"A broader look at interceptive orthodontics: What can we offer","volume":"24","author":"Artese","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dent. Press J. Orthod."}],"container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-6767\/13\/12\/559\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T08:54:54Z","timestamp":1764320094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-6767\/13\/12\/559"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["dj13120559"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/dj13120559","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-6767"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2304-6767","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]}}}