{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:27:21Z","timestamp":1787243241685,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Digital intraoral scanning has become an essential component of modern restorative dentistry, offering enhanced accuracy, workflow efficiency, and patient comfort compared to conventional impression techniques. Despite these advantages, the accuracy of intraoral scanners (IOS) can be affected by multiple parameters, among which scanning strategy and device design are particularly influential. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of different scanning strategies on scan accuracy and precision, focusing on two widely used intraoral scanners (Medit i700 and Trios 5) in a controlled in vitro environment. Materials and Methods: A standardized digital test object was created according to ISO 20896-1 specifications to ensure uniformity and comparability. The object was printed using a high-precision 3D printer and scanned multiple times with both IOS systems, employing distinct scanning strategies under identical environmental conditions. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and comparative statistics, including Mean, Median, Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Standard Deviation (SD), and Variance, to evaluate trueness and precision. Results: The Medit i700 consistently exhibited lower deviation values and greater precision compared with the Trios 5, reflecting higher trueness and precision. Scanning strategy influenced scan outcomes; structured, systematic scanning paths produced more stable and accurate datasets. The Trios 5 demonstrated higher variability, suggesting increased sensitivity to operator motion and scanning trajectory. Conclusions: Both the scanner type and scanning strategy substantially affect intraoral scan accuracy. The superior performance of the Medit i700 indicates greater robustness and operator-independent stability. Clinically, these results underscore the importance of standardized scanning protocols, as operator consistency may be a key determinant of digital impression accuracy and, consequently, of clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj14010052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T10:13:51Z","timestamp":1768299231000},"page":"52","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["In Vitro Accuracy Analysis of Intraoral Scanning Strategies: A Comparison of Two Contemporary IOS Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sabina-Ana","family":"R\u0103u\u021b\u0103","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Dental Prosthesis Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dionisie Lupu Street, No. 37, District 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6251-833X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vlad Gabriel","family":"Vasilescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Dental Prosthesis Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dionisie Lupu Street, No. 37, District 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0329-5102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucian Toma","family":"Ciocan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Dental Prosthesis Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dionisie Lupu Street, No. 37, District 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Popa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroilor Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9973-1759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana-Maria Cristina","family":"\u021a\u00e2ncu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, District 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florin Octavian","family":"Froimovici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Dental Prosthesis Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dionisie Lupu Street, No. 37, District 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3831-8543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogdan","family":"Dimitriu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroilor Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silviu-Mirel","family":"Pi\u021buru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organization, Professional Legislation and Management of the Dental Office, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, District 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Imre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, District 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2013.07.017","article-title":"Recent advances in dental optics\u2014Part I: 3D intraoral scanners for restorative dentistry","volume":"54","author":"Logozzo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Opt. Lasers Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2010.01300.x","article-title":"CAD\/CAM systems available for the fabrication of crown and bridge restorations","volume":"56","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aust. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.3390\/prosthesis5030060","article-title":"Conventional versus digital dental impression techniques: What is the future? An umbrella review","volume":"5","author":"Giordano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prosthesis"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpor.2016.01.003","article-title":"Advancements in CAD\/CAM technology: Options for practical implementation","volume":"60","author":"Alghazzawi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.105433","article-title":"Evaluation of the accuracy of digital impressions with different scanning strategies: An in vitro study","volume":"151","author":"Ortensi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.4047\/jap.2023.15.6.315","article-title":"Effect of scanning strategies on the accuracy of digital intraoral scanners: A meta-analysis of in vitro studies","volume":"15","author":"Hardan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Adv. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.3390\/oral4040049","article-title":"Clinical application of intraoral scanners in dentistry: A narrative review","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oral"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ciocan, L.T., Vasilescu, V.G., R\u0103u\u021b\u0103, S.-A., Pantea, M., Pi\u021buru, S.-M., and Imre, M. (2024). Comparative analysis of four different intraoral scanners: An in vitro study. Diagnostics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14131453"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.51847\/izu17ACVUd","article-title":"Factors affecting the accuracy of intraoral scanners\u2014A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Sindhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Dent. Spec."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"3Shape (2025, September 01). Available online: https:\/\/www.3shape.com\/en\/services\/academy\/guides."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Medit Help Center (2025, September 01). Available online: https:\/\/support.medit.com\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/360059876091--Scanning-Basics."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Institute of Digital Dentistry (2025, September 01). Available online: https:\/\/instituteofdigitaldentistry.com\/idd-compares\/idd-compares-medit-i700-w-vs-3shape-trios-5\/."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.32628\/IJSRST202114","article-title":"Development of 3D model and display on web using open-source technology","volume":"9","author":"Chandra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Res. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"(2019). Dentistry, Digital Impression Devices, Part 1: Methods for Assessing Accuracy. Standard No. ISO 20896-1:2019. Available online: https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/69402.html."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Institute of Digital Dentistry (2025, September 01). Available online: https:\/\/instituteofdigitaldentistry.com\/3d-printing\/asiga-max-uv-3d-printer-review-price-speed-ease-of-use-and-more\/."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ciocan, L.T., Vasilescu, V.G., Pantea, M., Pi\u021buru, S.M., Imre, M., Ripszky Totan, A., and Froimovici, F.O. (2024). The evaluation of the trueness of dental mastercasts obtained through different 3D printing technologies. J. Funct. Biomater., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb15080210"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.08.018","article-title":"Techniques to improve the accuracy of complete arch implant intraoral digital scans: A systematic review","volume":"129","author":"Paratelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8427595","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8427595","article-title":"Intraoral scanner technologies: A review to make a successful impression","volume":"2017","author":"Richert","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Healthc. Eng."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Medit Corp (2025, December 05). Intraoral Scanner Specifications and Recommended Scanning Distance for Medit i700. Available online: https:\/\/support.medit.com."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hokayem, P., Bourgi, R., Cuevas-Su\u00e1rez, C.E., Fern\u00e1ndez-Barrera, M.\u00c1., Zamarripa-Calder\u00f3n, J.E., Tohme, H., Saleh, A., Nassar, N., Lukomska-Szymanska, M., and Hardan, L. (2025). Optimization of Scanning Distance for Three Intraoral Scanners from Different Manufacturers: An In Vitro Accuracy Analysis. Prosthesis, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/prosthesis7040088"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gavounelis, N.A., Gogola, C.C., and Halazonetis, D.J. (2022). The effect of scanning strategy on intraoral scanner accuracy. Dent. J., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/dj10070123"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2019.06.003","article-title":"Intraoral digital scans\u2014Part 1: Influence of ambient scanning light conditions on accuracy","volume":"124","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.4047\/jap.2018.10.1.58","article-title":"A comparison of the accuracy of intraoral scanners using an intraoral environment simulator","volume":"10","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Adv. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"(2025, September 03). Medit Design. Available online: https:\/\/support.medit.com\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/360052059852-Medit-Design."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"(2025, September 03). Medit Link\u2014Medit Design Software, Deviation Display Mode. Available online: https:\/\/support.medit.com\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/360052517651-Mode-Deviation-display."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"117","article-title":"Influence of the scanning path on the accuracy of intraoral scanners in the implanted edentulous patient: An in vitro study","volume":"28","author":"Robert","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Dent."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alkadi, L. (2023). A comprehensive review of factors that influence the accuracy of intraoral scanners. Diagnostics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13213291"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-024-00543-0","article-title":"A systematic review of factors impacting intraoral scanning accuracy in implant dentistry with emphasis on scan bodies","volume":"10","author":"Gehrke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Implant Dent."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e946624","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.946624","article-title":"Accuracy of three intraoral scanners in recording impressions for full arch dental implant-supported prosthesis: An in vitro study","volume":"30","author":"Jain","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stefanelli, L.V., Franchina, A., Pranno, A., Pellegrino, G., Ferri, A., Pranno, N., Di Carlo, S., and De Angelis, F. (2021). Use of intraoral scanners for full dental arches: Could different strategies or overlapping software affect accuracy?. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18199946"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2008.350","article-title":"Digital dentistry: An overview of recent developments for CAD\/CAM-generated restorations","volume":"204","author":"Beuer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amornvit, P., and Sanohkan, S. (2019). The accuracy of digital face scans obtained from 3D scanners: An in vitro study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16245061"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"11","article-title":"Accuracy testing of a new intraoral 3D camera","volume":"12","author":"Mehl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Dent."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(13)60028-1","article-title":"Accuracy of complete-arch dental impressions: A new method of measuring trueness and precision","volume":"109","author":"Ender","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2022.05.005","article-title":"Effect of scanning speed, scanning pattern, and tip size on the accuracy of intraoral digital scans","volume":"131","author":"An","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"343","article-title":"Impact of digital intraoral scan strategies on the impression accuracy using the TRIOS Pod scanner","volume":"47","author":"Ender","year":"2016","journal-title":"Quintessence Int."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2018.10.007","article-title":"Trueness and precision of five intraoral scanners for scanning edentulous and dentate complete-arch mandibular casts: A comparative in vitro study","volume":"122","author":"Braian","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2023.104521","article-title":"Influence of restorative material type and surface wetness on intraoral scanning accuracy","volume":"134","author":"Moreno","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2023.01.027","article-title":"Impact of intraoral scanner, scanning strategy, and scanned arch on the scan accuracy of edentulous arches: An in vitro study","volume":"131","author":"Jamjoom","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13785","article-title":"Influence of age, training, intraoral scanner, and software version on scan accuracy of inexperienced operators","volume":"32","author":"Zarauz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmalzl, J., R\u00f3th, I., Borb\u00e9ly, J., Hermann, P., and Vecsei, B. (2023). The effect of generation change on the accuracy of full arch digital impressions. BMC Oral Health, 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03476-z"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt, A., Klussmann, L., W\u00f6stmann, B., and Schlenz, M.A. (2020). Accuracy of digital and conventional full-arch impressions in patients: An update. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030688"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fratila, A.M., Saceleanu, A., Arcas, V.C., Fratila, N., and Earar, K. (2025). Enhancing intraoral scanning accuracy: From the influencing factors to a procedural guideline. J. Clin. Med., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14103562"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Rodr\u00edguez, C., Patricia, J.-P., Ricardo, O.-A., and Alejandro, I.-L. (2020). Personalized dental medicine: Impact of intraoral and extraoral clinical variables on the precision and efficiency of intraoral scanning. J. Pers. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm10030092"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.4274\/TurkJOrthod.2022.2021.0220","article-title":"Influence of Operator Experience on Scanning Time and Accuracy with Two Different Intraoral Scanners\u2014A Prospective Clinical Trial","volume":"36","author":"Thomas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Turk. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12985","article-title":"A guide for maximizing the accuracy of intraoral digital scans. Part 1: Operator factors","volume":"35","author":"Kois","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Esthet. Restor. Dent."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13135","article-title":"Clinical study of the influence of ambient light scanning conditions on the accuracy of an intraoral scanner","volume":"29","author":"Subramanian","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont."}],"container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-6767\/14\/1\/52\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T10:28:57Z","timestamp":1768300137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-6767\/14\/1\/52"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["dj14010052"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/dj14010052","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-6767"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2304-6767","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]}}}