{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T01:27:11Z","timestamp":1792632431772,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":197,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This narrative review aims to analyze sex-specific differences in oral health, examine hormonal influences in women during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause, and compare oral health behaviors between men and women. Articles were selected based on: (1) sex-specific aspects of oral diseases, (2) hormonal influences on oral health, (3) comparative analyses between sexes, and (4) sex-disaggregated data on oral disease prevalence. Women experience hormonal vulnerabilities with estrogen deficiency causing xerostomia, mucosal atrophy, and increased caries susceptibility, showing parallels between oral and vaginal mucosa. Men demonstrate higher periodontitis prevalence (57% vs. 38%), utilize preventive services one-third less frequently, and show higher smoking rates (67% vs. 42%) and traumatic dental injuries (2:1 ratio). Women maintain better oral hygiene and treatment adherence. Sex-specific factors affecting both sexes remain unconsidered in dental practice. Women need targeted interventions during hormonal transitions, while men require improved preventive care engagement. Future research integrating sex-specific considerations is required to enable personalized oral health approaches for both sexes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj14030147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T09:22:14Z","timestamp":1772788934000},"page":"147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sex-Specific Oral Health: A Narrative Review of Hormonal Influences and Disease Patterns"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8501-7099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnes","family":"Holtkamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 14197 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Beuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 14197 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4044-1893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas Gerhard","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0457-5816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Naumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 14197 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Private Practice, Zahn\u00e4rzte an der Kleinmachnower Schleuse, Wannseestrasse 42, 14532 Stahnsdorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.08.039","article-title":"Towards the inclusion of gender and sex in health research and funding: An institutional perspective","volume":"74","author":"Sharman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soc. 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