{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T09:47:16Z","timestamp":1775555236435,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Closing extraction spaces with clear aligners remains a significant biomechanical challenge, frequently involving difficulties in sagittal control, torque expression, and intra-arch anchorage. Although various sequential or phased retraction strategies exist, the Caterpillar Motion protocol has not yet been formally defined. This clinical report describes the Caterpillar Motion staging protocol and illustrates its application through representative extraction cases, rather than providing a systematic review or experimental comparison. Case Presentation: Two adult patients with extraction-based malocclusions were treated using the Caterpillar Motion staging protocol. Case 1 involved bimaxillary first-premolar extractions with maximum anchorage requirements and periodontal limitations in the mandibular incisors. Case 2 presented as a full Class II malocclusion requiring maxillary first-premolar extractions with moderate anchorage for sagittal camouflage. In both cases, tooth movement was organized into alternating functional groups, with waves limited to 2 mm of sagittal closure. Discussion: The Caterpillar Motion protocol reduces the risk of aligner bowing effect, increases effective crown engagement, and redistributes anchorage demands by preventing simultaneous shortening of both arch extremities. Both cases demonstrated controlled anterior retraction, stable posterior anchorage, and favorable root parallelism. Conclusions: Caterpillar Motion offers a biomechanically coherent and clinically reproducible staging strategy for clear aligner extraction therapy. Further controlled studies are needed to validate its advantages over traditional linear and en-masse protocols.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj14040197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T08:09:18Z","timestamp":1774944558000},"page":"197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clear Aligner Extraction Treatment with Caterpillar Motion Staging: Biomechanical Rationale, Clinical Protocol, and Report of Two Cases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2537-2796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Martinez-Lozano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Instituci\u00f3n Mississippi University Center, 28010 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Rivero-Mourelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, La Salle University Center, 28023 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1767-4653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto-Jos\u00e9","family":"L\u00f3pez-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Instituci\u00f3n Mississippi University Center, 28010 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Dental Clincal Specilities , Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"School of Dentistry, Francisco de Vitoria University, 28880 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hartogsohn, C.R., and Sonnesen, L. 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