{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:01:05Z","timestamp":1792000865387,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"HUS Medical Research Foundation","award":["TYH2025382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TYH2025382"]}]},{"name":"HUS Medical Research Foundation","award":["Y2519SU010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y2519SU010"]}]},{"name":"HUS Medical Research Foundation","award":["Y2519RW"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y2519RW"]}]},{"name":"Community Funding Grant from Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, and Academic Excellence Improvement Program, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia","award":["6529\/UN1.P.1\/PT.01.03\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6529\/UN1.P.1\/PT.01.03\/2024"]}]},{"award":["6529\/UN1.P.1\/PT.01.03\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6529\/UN1.P.1\/PT.01.03\/2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03ke6d638","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Indonesian Education Scholarship, Center for Higher Education Funding and Assessment, and Indonesian Endowment Fund for Education, Republic of Indonesia","award":["202231103652"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202231103652"]}]},{"award":["202231103652"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202231103652"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05p2xef58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: To investigate whether Porphyromonas gingivalis gingipains contribute to the activation of MMP-8 and MMP-9 in patients with cancer and to evaluate the potential of aMMP-8 chair-side test for early detection of active periodontal inflammation in cancer care. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 89 of 119 initially assessed patients with cancer at Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia (2023\u20132024). Active MMP-8 was quantified using a chair-side test on oral rinse samples. Total MMP-8 was measured by ELISA, MMP-9 activation by gelatin zymography, and gingipain presence by Western immunoblotting. Associations with periodontal parameters (PPD, GI, OHI-S, and VPI) were analyzed using linear regression. Results: aMMP-8 chair-side test demonstrated 91% positive results in 89 patients with cancer. Western blotting revealed the co-localization of gingipains with fragmented MMP-8. aMMP-8 levels were significantly associated with MMP-9 activation (p = 0.003, R2 = 0.097), suggesting proteolytic cascade activation. Oral hygiene indices showed stronger associations (OHI-S: p = 0.003, R2 = 0.100; VPI: p = 0.014, R2 = 0.067) than deeper periodontal parameters (PPD: p = 0.094; GI: p = 0.358), suggesting early-stage inflammation detection. Conclusions: Gingipain presence may be associated with the activation of MMP-8 and MMP-9 in patients with cancer, which links bacterial virulence to amplified tissue destruction. aMMP-8 chair-side test enables rapid identification of active inflammation, facilitating timely periodontal intervention during cancer care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj14050272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T09:03:37Z","timestamp":1778144617000},"page":"272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Gingipain-Mediated Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 and -9 Activation in Oral Rinse Samples from Patients with Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1779-8763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nur Rahman Ahmad Seno","family":"Aji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2076-6597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian K.","family":"Ahlstrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Kasarmikatu 11-23, 00029 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaibhav","family":"Sahni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7791-9010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kartika W.","family":"Taroeno-Hariadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divison of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Dr Sardjito Hospital, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dyah","family":"Listyarifah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rezmelia","family":"Sari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4266-7391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iffah","family":"Mardhiyah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"},{"name":"Dental Hygiene Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Syaify","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asikin","family":"Nur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0968-988X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aditya Lia","family":"Ramadona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Behaviour, Environment, and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie Toby","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommi","family":"P\u00e4til\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Congenital Heart Surgery and Organ Transplantation, New Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0451-2404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antti A.","family":"M\u00e4kitie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Kasarmikatu 11-23, 00029 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5821-5299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ismo 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Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Sorsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01570-3","article-title":"Global cancer burden: Progress, projections, and challenges","volume":"406","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-025-06399-x","article-title":"Periodontitis as a field of cancerization: Association with carcinoembryonic antigen in colorectal cancer patients","volume":"29","author":"Bravo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. 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