{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:05:57Z","timestamp":1786122357296,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dent. J.","Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Glass-hybrid and high-viscosity glass ionomer systems were developed to address limitations of conventional glass ionomer cements. This in vitro study compared post-thermocycling Vickers hardness and microleakage of a coated glass-hybrid system and a coated high-viscosity glass ionomer system in conservative Class II cavities. Methods: Thirty extracted human maxillary first premolars each received both systems in standardized mesio-occlusal and disto-occlusal cavities, enabling paired within-tooth comparisons. Following thermocycling and methylene blue immersion, Vickers hardness was measured on polished restoration cross-sections at occlusal and gingival locations. Microleakage was quantified using a continuous microleakage index and ordinal dye penetration scores. Results: The EQUIA Forte HT system had a higher tooth-level mean Vickers hardness than the Gold Label IX Extra system (95.05 \u00b1 6.58 HV vs. 91.33 \u00b1 7.50 HV), with a mean paired difference of 3.72 HV (95% CI, 0.32 to 7.11; p = 0.033; Cohen\u2019s dz = 0.41, 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.78). The location-specific mixed model also showed an effect of restorative system (p = 0.025), whereas neither testing location nor the system \u00d7 location interaction was significant. No significant between-system difference was detected for the microleakage index or for either ordinal dye penetration score. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the EQUIA Forte HT system had a modestly higher post-thermocycling tooth-level mean Vickers hardness than the Gold Label IX Extra system, although the clinical relevance of the difference remains uncertain. No between-system differences were detected in dye penetration outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj14080499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T10:12:01Z","timestamp":1786097521000},"page":"499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vickers Hardness and Microleakage of Coated Glass-Hybrid and High-Viscosity Glass Ionomer Systems in Thermocycled Conservative Class II Cavities: An In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1998-0037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chau Bao","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Binh Thanh General Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1599-1208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Truong Thien","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9138-4510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lan Thi-Quynh","family":"Ngo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.2341\/18-176-L","article-title":"Properties of New Glass-Ionomer Restorative Systems Marketed for Stress-Bearing Areas","volume":"45","author":"Fuhrmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oper. 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