{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T06:16:32Z","timestamp":1788243392576,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dent. J.","Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) complement clinical indicators in orthodontics, yet validated instruments for children undergoing removable orthodontic treatment remain limited. This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire assessing compliance and physical discomfort, psychosocial impact, and perceived support. Methods: A cross-sectional validation study included 250 children and adolescents (&lt;14 years) treated with removable orthodontic appliances, regardless of treatment duration. The 14-item questionnaire was evaluated for internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s alpha), reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC), item discrimination (ANOVA), and construct validity using exploratory factor analysis with Varimax rotation. Sampling adequacy was assessed using the Kaiser\u2013Meyer\u2013Olkin (KMO) measure and Bartlett\u2019s test of sphericity. Results: Internal consistency was satisfactory (Cronbach\u2019s alpha: 0.747\u20130.823), with corrected item\u2013total correlations above 0.30. ICC values indicated moderate reliability for single measures and good reliability for average measures. The KMO value was 0.713, and Bartlett\u2019s test was significant (p &lt; 0.001). Three factors explained 58.69% of the total variance, representing psychosocial impact, compliance\/discomfort, and perceived support. Conclusions: The questionnaire demonstrated satisfactory reliability and construct validity for assessing patient-reported outcomes in children undergoing removable orthodontic treatment. It provides a practical instrument for evaluating compliance and physical discomfort, psychosocial impact, and perceived support in both clinical practice and research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj14090543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T05:45:13Z","timestamp":1788241513000},"page":"543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and Validation of a Patient-Reported Outcome Questionnaire for Children Undergoing Removable Orthodontic Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8042-2424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panaite","family":"Tinela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen Diana Nicoleta","family":"Savin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"S\u00eerghie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Teona Ana-Maria","family":"Tudorici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Bamboi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Anca","family":"Rapis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Nem\u021boi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grigore T. 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