{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T10:30:20Z","timestamp":1789122620323,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Periodoncia y Osteointegraci\u00f3n"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01hkxy133","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Spanish government et project","award":["PREVENTITIS-PID2022-137496OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PREVENTITIS-PID2022-137496OB-I00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dent. J.","Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Implantoplasty smoothens exposed implant surfaces but disrupts the titanium oxide layer, reducing corrosion resistance, increasing ion release, and facilitating bacterial colonization. Restoring a stable and biologically favorable surface is therefore critical. Chemical agents capable of repassivating titanium may enhance surface integrity and antibacterial performance, yet the optimal agent remains unclear. This study evaluated the repassivation effects of common disinfectants on corrosion resistance, ion release, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial activity. Methods: One hundred twenty-eight discs underwent manual implantoplasty and were treated with citric acid (CA), ethylenediaminetetraace acid (EDTA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or saline (S). Surface topography and wettability were analyzed using white-light interferometry and contact angle measurements. Corrosion behavior was assessed via open-circuit potential monitoring and potentiodynamic polarization in Hank\u2019s solution. Titanium ion release was quantified over 21 days using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in human fibroblast and osteoblast cultures exposed to sample extracts. Bacterial adhesion and viability of Streptococcus sanguinis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy after 24 h and 48 h. Results: H2O2 increased surface roughness, while CA and EDTA showed no effect. All agents enhanced hydrophilicity, with CA and H2O2 producing the greatest increase in surface energy. CA showed the highest corrosion resistance and lowest ion release. No treatment exhibited cytotoxicity, and all reduced bacterial adhesion, with CA and H2O2 showing superior bactericidal activity. Conclusions: CA and H2O2 improved surface properties after implantoplasty, with CA providing the most favorable combination of corrosion resistance, minimal ion release and antibacterial effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj14090587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T09:09:40Z","timestamp":1789117780000},"page":"587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Repassivation of Titanium Surface with Different Disinfectants After Implantoplasty: Effects on Corrosion, Ion Release, Cytotoxicity and Bacterial Behaviour\u2014An In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2204-675X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leyre","family":"Millas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta, s\/n, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vall\u00e8s, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3494-1426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javi","family":"Vilarrasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta, s\/n, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vall\u00e8s, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Neus","family":"Carri\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta, s\/n, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vall\u00e8s, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Nart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta, s\/n, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vall\u00e8s, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6824-1412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinspired Oral Biomaterials and Interfaces, Department of Science and Materials Engineering, Escola Enginyeria Barcelona Est., Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08019 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S286","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12957","article-title":"Peri-implant diseases and conditions: Consensus report of workgroup 4 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions","volume":"45","author":"Berglundh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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