{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T10:37:47Z","timestamp":1789468667847,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dent. J.","Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Restorative system configuration may influence the surface chemistry and interfacial behavior of dental ceramic and metal\u2013ceramic systems, but direct comparative evaluations integrating SEM, EDS, and XPS remain limited. Methods: This in vitro study compared three restorative configurations: Monolithic ZrO2, Feldspar\/ZrO2, and Feldspar\/Co-Cr. Thirty specimens were fabricated and allocated into three groups (n = 10\/group). Surface and cross-sectional morphology were assessed by scanning electron microscopy, while elemental composition and interfacial transition patterns were evaluated using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, including point analysis, elemental mapping, and line-scan profiles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to characterize material-specific surface chemical profiles. Results: Monolithic ZrO2 showed a compact and homogeneous ceramic morphology, with a dominant Zr\u2013O\u2013Y chemical profile. Feldspar\/ZrO2 specimens exhibited a sharply defined ceramic\u2013ceramic interface, with limited elemental overlap between the feldspathic veneer and zirconia core. In contrast, Feldspar\/Co-Cr specimens showed a broader ceramic\u2013metal transition zone, mainly supported by SEM\u2013EDS evidence of Cr-, Co-, and O-related interfacial signals. XPS provided complementary surface chemical information, without definitive oxide phase identification. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the analyzed restorative configurations exhibited distinct morphological, elemental, and surface chemical patterns. Feldspar\/Co-Cr showed a broader ceramic\u2013metal elemental transition than Feldspar\/ZrO2; however, the present findings should not be interpreted as evidence of superior bond strength, mechanical stability, fatigue resistance, or clinical performance. Further mechanical and aging studies are required to determine the functional significance of these interfacial differences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj14090596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T08:16:48Z","timestamp":1789460208000},"page":"596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interfacial Microchemistry and Surface Stability of Monolithic and Layered Dental Restorative Systems: A Comparative SEM\u2013EDS\u2013XPS Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Cristian","family":"Boanca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, \u201cDun\u0103rea de Jos\u201d University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6823-8138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorin Ioan","family":"Coco\u0219","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, \u201cDun\u0103rea de Jos\u201d University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania"},{"name":"Dental-Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, \u201cDun\u0103rea de Jos\u201d University of Galati, 800201 Galati, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3007-8410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramona","family":"Feier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Medicine, Dimitrie Cantemir University, 540545 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamel","family":"Earar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, \u201cDun\u0103rea de Jos\u201d University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania"},{"name":"Dental-Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, \u201cDun\u0103rea de Jos\u201d University of Galati, 800201 Galati, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2024.02.026","article-title":"Recent advances in dental zirconia: 15 years of material and processing evolution","volume":"40","author":"Cesar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dent. 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