{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T23:30:19Z","timestamp":1785195019357,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Implant dentistry is a growing field in the education of undergraduate dental students. The present laboratory study evaluates factors which may potentially influence the accuracy of free-hand implant insertion and the use of an orientation template. After three-dimensional planning using coDiagnostiXTM, orientation templates, including sleeves for the pilot-drill in regions 41 and 45, were manufactured by thermoforming. Sixty-one fifth year dental students inserted one implant using the orientation template and another implant free-hand in an artificial mandible. Information regarding age, sex, handedness, education, and the time required for implant insertion were recorded. Subsequently, the mandibles were scanned using cone-beam-computed tomography and the accuracy of the implant position was assessed, while statistical analysis followed. The free-hand implant insertion resulted in a distal deviation of \u22121.34 \u00b1 5.15\u00b0 and a mesial mismatch of 0.06 \u00b1 0.79 mm at the artificial bone level compared to the sleeves. When using the orientation templates, the deviation decreased to \u22120.67 \u00b1 3.48\u00b0 and a distal mismatch of \u22120.22 \u00b1 0.62 mm was achieved. The difference was statistically significant for the mismatch (p &lt; 0.049). Regarding the limitations of our study, it could be said that the accuracy level achieved by dental undergraduates using implant placement with orientation templates is comparable to that in other studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj6030043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,3]],"date-time":"2018-09-03T10:50:51Z","timestamp":1535971851000},"page":"43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Use of Orientation Templates and Free-Hand Implant Insertion in Artificial Mandibles\u2014An Experimental Laboratory Examination in Fifth-Year Dental Students"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7641-4814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias C.","family":"Schulz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Rittmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Range","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Blasewitzer Str. 86, D-01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcnter","family":"Lauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Haim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2017.02.015","article-title":"The impact of the fabrication method on the three-dimensional accuracy of an implant surgery template","volume":"45","author":"Matta","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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