{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T10:26:37Z","timestamp":1783074397811,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]],"date-time":"2020-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To advance our understanding of inclusion oral health and to address the impact of social exclusion upon oral health, this group of papers sets out to provide an argument for the need for social and community-based interventions, theoretically underpinned by pluralistic definitions of evidence-based practice and the radical discourse of health promotion for those experiencing exclusion. Using the definition and framework of inclusion oral health, these papers illustrate the requirement for mixed-methods research, the incorporation of experts by experience in the research process, and the need for co-design and co-produced interventions. The papers in this Special Issue present various sources of evidence used to transform top-down into bottom-up community-based interventions for people experiencing homelessness, people in custody, and families residing in areas of high social deprivation. The first two papers provide the evidence for extreme oral health in those experiencing exclusion, and the final four papers report on the implementation and evaluation of social or community-based interventions. This collection of research papers will be of interest to all those wishing to reduce health inequities. This will be achieved by focusing on prevention, adopting a common risk factor agenda, and incorporating co-design and co-production elements into interventions, to tackle the oral health inequities felt by those most excluded in our societies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj8010005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]],"date-time":"2020-01-08T03:59:57Z","timestamp":1578455997000},"page":"5","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Promoting Inclusion Oral Health: Social Interventions to Reduce Oral Health Inequities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8733-1253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth","family":"Freeman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental Hospital and School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Vos, T., Murray, J.L., and Lopez, A. (2019, November 15). Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) for 1,160 Sequelae of 289 Diseases and Injuries, 1990\u20132010: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Available online: http:\/\/www.healthdata.org\/research-article\/years-lived-disability-ylds-1160-sequelae-289-diseases-and-injuries-1990%E2%80%932010."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513490168","article-title":"Global burden of oral conditions in 1990\u20132010: A systematic analysis","volume":"92","author":"Marcenes","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31959-1","article-title":"What works in inclusion health: Overview of effective interventions for marginalised and excluded populations?","volume":"391","author":"Luchenski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31869-X","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality in homeless individuals, prisoners, sex workers, and individuals with substance use disorders in high-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"391","author":"Aldridge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freeman, R., Doughty, J., MacDonald, M.-E., and Muirhead, V. (2019). Inclusion oral health: Advancing a theoretical framework for policy, research and practice. Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol.","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12500"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"180","article-title":"Deconstructing the evidence-based discourse in health sciences: Truth, power and fascism","volume":"4","author":"Holmes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Evid. Based Healthc."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/15.3.255","article-title":"A planning framework for community empowerment goals within health promotion","volume":"15","author":"Laverack","year":"2000","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freeman, R. (2009). Health promotion and the randomised controlled trial: A square peg in a round hole?. BMC Oral Health.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-9-1"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beaton, L., Rodriguez, A., and Freeman, R. (2018). Homeless in Scotland: An Oral Health and Psychosocial Needs Assessment. Dent. J., 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/dj6040067"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freeman, R., and Richards, D. (2019). Factors Associated with Accessing Prison Dental Services in Scotland: A Cross-Sectional Study. Dent. J., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/dj7010012"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beaton, L., Anderson, I., Humphris, G., Rodriguez, A., and Freeman, R. (2018). Implementing an Oral Health Intervention for People Experiencing Homelessness in Scotland: A Participant Observation Study. Dent. J., 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/dj6040068"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodriguez, A., Beaton, L., and Freeman, R. (2019). Strengthening Social Interactions and Constructing New Oral Health and Health Knowledge: The Co-design, Implementation and Evaluation of a Pedagogical Workshop Program with and for Homeless Young People. Dent. J., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/dj7010011"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lambert, M. (2018). Dental Attendance in Undocumented Immigrants before and after the Implementation of a Personal Assistance Program: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study. Dent. J., 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/dj6040073"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan, S. (2019). Evaluating an Oral Health Education Intervention in Chinese Undocumented Migrant Mothers of Infants in Northern Ireland. Dent. J., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/dj7010008"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Freire, P. (1996). Pedagogy of the Oppressed, The Continuum International Publishing Group Inc."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1177\/0017896910366186","article-title":"Can social support in the guise of an oral health education intervention promote mother\u2013infant bonding in Chinese immigrant mothers and their infants?","volume":"70","author":"Yuan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Educ. 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