{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T21:59:21Z","timestamp":1784757561963,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]],"date-time":"2021-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to histologically examine the clinically healthy gingiva of patients with altered passive eruption (APE). Five patients with type 1 APE were enrolled. They underwent scaling and polishing and received oral hygiene instructions. After 6 months of supervised plaque control and uninterrupted gingival clinical health (Gingival Index (GI) = 0 and no Bleeding on Probing (BoP)), upper anterior teeth were surgically treated. During the surgical procedure, the excised gingival margin was collected to be histologically examined. In four out of five patients, signs of inflammation including spongiosis and neutrophil exocytosis could be found in the epithelium of the gingival sulcus. Ulceration with exposure of the lamina propria and inflammatory granulation tissue were evident in the most severe cases. Normal density and orientation of collagen fibers could be seen within the superficial and the deep portions of connective tissue, with an increase in size and number of the deep collagen fibers and a reduced laxity of the superficial ones. In conclusion, the clinically healthy gingiva of APE patients showed features compatible with persistent inflammation, possibly due to recurrent traumatisms caused by an incisally placed gingival margin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj9030029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,7]],"date-time":"2021-03-07T20:20:43Z","timestamp":1615148443000},"page":"29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Histologic Analysis of Clinically Healthy Human Gingiva in Patients with Altered Passive Eruption"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Pilloni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Periodontics, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Marini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Periodontics, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blerina","family":"Zeza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry, Albanian University, 1001 Tirana, Albania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amedeo","family":"Ferlosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rustam","family":"Aghazada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Periodontics, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"291","article-title":"Delayed passive eruption. 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