{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:00:13Z","timestamp":1760234413962,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Horizontal root fractures are a rare emergency in a dental office. The injury involves periodontal ligament, cementum, dentine and pulp. The healing is influenced by the location of the root fracture, the displacement of the fragments and the status of the pulp. This report presents a clinical case of horizontal fractures to both maxillary central incisors due to an act of violence. The type of occlusion has avoided a severe diastasis of the coronal parts with a subsequent damage to the pulp and periodontum. The fractures were treated with an orthodontic splint without any further therapy and hard tissue healing was observed. A careful diagnosis and well-timed treatment planning usually allow a cost-efficient and biologically-oriented therapy with a favorable outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj9050055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T10:59:12Z","timestamp":1620817152000},"page":"55","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Conservative Non-Surgical Management of Horizontal Root-Fractured Maxillary Incisors in a Young Male with Angle Class II, Division 2, Malocclusion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5680-2633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Biagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, Via Della Commenda 10, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1073-8597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Bardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 40, 09124 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Guidazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice of Orthodontics, Viale Abruzzi 80, 20131 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4563-9804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Spinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Sports Dental Research Center, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 40, 09124 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Andreasen, J.O., Andreasen, F.M., and Andersson, L. (2007). Root Fractures. Textbook and Color Atlas of Traumatic Injuries to the Teeth, Blackwell Publishing Ltd.. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.1996.tb00111.x","article-title":"Prognosis of root-fractured permanent incisors","volume":"12","author":"Caliscan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endod. Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"414","article-title":"Intra-alveolar root fractures: Radiographic and histologic study of 50 cases","volume":"25","author":"Andreasen","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Oral. Surg."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2011.01107.x","article-title":"Tooth mobility changes subsequent to root fractures: A longitudinal clinical study of 44 permanent teeth","volume":"28","author":"Andreasen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2008.00694.x","article-title":"Aetiology and risk factors related to traumatic dental injuries\u2014A review of the literature","volume":"25","author":"Glendor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"7","article-title":"Traumatic dental injuries: Etiology, prevalence and possible outcomes","volume":"16","author":"Zaleckiene","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stomatologija"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2004.00279.x","article-title":"Healing of 400 intra-alveolar root fractures. 1. Effect pre-injury and injury factors such as sex, age, stage of root development, fracture type, location of fracture and severity of dislocation","volume":"20","author":"Andreasen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.1989.tb00348.x","article-title":"Pulpal healing after luxation injuries and root fracture in the permanent dentition","volume":"5","author":"Andreasen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endod. Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Tsukiboshi, M. (2000). Root Fracture. Treatment Planning for Traumatized Teeth, Quintessence Publishing Co., Inc."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-9657.2002.00079.x","article-title":"Effect of treatment delay upon pulp and periodontal healing of traumatic dental injuries\u2014A review article","volume":"18","author":"Andreasen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12398","article-title":"Splinting of teeth following trauma: A review and a new splinting recommendation","volume":"61","author":"Kahler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aust. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2008.00683.x","article-title":"Rigidity of commonly used dental trauma splints","volume":"25","author":"Thaler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12578","article-title":"International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries.1. Fractures and luxations","volume":"36","author":"Bourguignon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bardini, G., Musu, D., Mezzena, S., Dettori, C., and Cotti, E. (2021). Combined management of apical root fracture and avulsion of two maxillary permanent central incisors: A case report. Dent. J., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/dj9040039"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2006.00480.x","article-title":"An evidence_based appraisal of splinting luxated, avulsed and root-fracture teeth","volume":"24","author":"Kahler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spinas, E., Pipi, L., Mezzena, S., and Giannetti, L. (2021). Use of orthodontic methods in the treatment of dental luxations: A scoping review. Dent. J., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/dj9020018"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"199","article-title":"Treatment of horizontal root fractured central incisors and 30 months follow up: 2 case reports","volume":"15","author":"Arikan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2004.00278.x","article-title":"Healing of 400 intra-alveolar root fractures. 2. Effect of treatment factors such as treatment delay, repositioning, splinting type and period and antibiotics","volume":"20","author":"Andreasen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12482","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of transverse root fractures","volume":"3","author":"Abbott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.1989.tb00331.x","article-title":"Prognosis of root-fractured permanent incisors prediction of healing modalities","volume":"5","author":"Andreasen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endod. Dent. Traumatol."}],"container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-6767\/9\/5\/55\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:59:30Z","timestamp":1760162370000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-6767\/9\/5\/55"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["dj9050055"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/dj9050055","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-6767"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2304-6767"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]}}}