{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T14:18:54Z","timestamp":1760710734788,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ARDEC Academy, Italy","award":["000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["000"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dentistry Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The treatment of the surface of titanium implants with argon plasma improved its hydrophilicity and cell adhesion, resulting in higher bone apposition on implant and graft surfaces. The spontaneous perforation over time of the sinus mucosa after sinus augmentation has been documented in experimental studies at both implants and graft particles. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of plasma argon treatment of the implant surface on bone apposition and on the rate of sinus mucosa perforations. Methods: A sinus lifting procedure was performed bilaterally in sixteen rabbits, and implants, either treated with argon plasma or left without treatment (control), were placed simultaneously without grafts. After 8 weeks, histological analyses were carried out. Results: A collapse of the sinus mucosa was observed at all implants. Twenty-four out of thirty-two implants presented sinus mucosa perforations at the apex. Several perforations were also found at the threads. Thinned mucosa sites (width &lt; 40 \u00b5m) were found around almost all implants. About 2.6\u20132.9 mm of the apical regions of the implant did not present signs of osseointegration and about 1.3 mm were exposed to the sinus cavity. No statistically significant differences were found between plasma and control sites. Conclusions: In conclusion, the sinus mucosa was damaged and perforated by direct contact with treated and non-treated implant surfaces. The treatment of the implant surface with argon plasma did not affect the outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dj9090105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T10:59:12Z","timestamp":1630925952000},"page":"105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Argon Bioactivation of Implants Installed Simultaneously to Maxillary Sinus Lifting without Graft. An Experimental Study in Rabbits"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yuki","family":"Omori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Implantology, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"},{"name":"ARDEC Academy, 47923 Rimini, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2804-1632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Botticelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARDEC Academy, 47923 Rimini, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Ferri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARDEC Foundation, Cartagena de Indias 130001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1721-0509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Delgado-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Digital Technology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, NY 11794-8712, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vitor","family":"Ferreira Balan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 14040-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7389-5886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Porfirio Xavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 14040-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01272.x","article-title":"A systematic review of the success of sinus floor elevation and survival of implants inserted in combination with sinus floor elevation","volume":"35","author":"Pjetursson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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