{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T12:25:19Z","timestamp":1783686319346,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study aims to apply multiscale entropy (MSE) to analyse brain activity in terms of brain complexity levels and to use simultaneous electroencephalogram and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (EEG\/fNIRS) recordings for brain functional analysis. A memory task was selected to demonstrate the potential of this multimodality approach since memory is a highly complex neurocognitive process, and the mechanisms governing selective retention of memories are not fully understood by other approaches. In this study, 15 healthy participants with normal colour vision participated in the visual memory task, which involved the making the executive decision of remembering or forgetting the visual stimuli based on his\/her own will. In a continuous stimulus set, 250 indoor\/outdoor scenes were presented at random, between periods of fixation on a black background. The participants were instructed to make a binary choice indicating whether they wished to remember or forget the image; both stimulus and response times were stored for analysis. The participants then performed a scene recognition test to confirm whether or not they remembered the images. The results revealed that the participants intentionally memorising a visual scene demonstrate significantly greater brain complexity levels in the prefrontal and frontal lobe than when purposefully forgetting a scene; p &lt; 0.05 (two-tailed). This suggests that simultaneous EEG and fNIRS can be used for brain functional analysis, and MSE might be the potential indicator for this multimodality approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e22020189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T11:50:28Z","timestamp":1581076228000},"page":"189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Multiscale Entropy as a New Feature for EEG and fNIRS Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Thanate","family":"Angsuwatanakul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"O\u2019Reilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biomedical Engineering, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kajornvut","family":"Ounjai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9204-2504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boonserm","family":"Kaewkamnerdpong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiji","family":"Iramina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan"},{"name":"Faculty of Information Sciences and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00301","article-title":"Simultaneous EEG-NIRS Measurement of the Inferior Parietal Lobule During a Reaching Task With Delayed Visual Feedback","volume":"13","author":"Zama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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