{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T02:02:49Z","timestamp":1782439369092,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]],"date-time":"2022-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/30\/E\/HS6\/00214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/30\/E\/HS6\/00214"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["442405852"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["442405852"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infants\u2019 limb movements evolve from disorganized to more selectively coordinated during the first year of life as they learn to navigate and interact with an ever-changing environment more efficiently. However, how these coordination patterns change during the first year of life and across different contexts is unknown. Here, we used wearable motion trackers to study the developmental changes in the complexity of limb movements (arms and legs) at 4, 6, 9 and 12 months of age in two different tasks: rhythmic rattle-shaking and free play. We applied Multidimensional Recurrence Quantification Analysis (MdRQA) to capture the nonlinear changes in infants\u2019 limb complexity. We show that the MdRQA parameters (entropy, recurrence rate and mean line) are task-dependent only at 9 and 12 months of age, with higher values in rattle-shaking than free play. Since rattle-shaking elicits more stable and repetitive limb movements than the free exploration of multiple objects, we interpret our data as reflecting an increase in infants\u2019 motor control that allows for stable body positioning and easier execution of limb movements. Infants\u2019 motor system becomes more stable and flexible with age, allowing for flexible adaptation of behaviors to task demands.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e24040552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,16]],"date-time":"2022-04-16T07:42:41Z","timestamp":1650094961000},"page":"552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Changes in the Complexity of Limb Movements during the First Year of Life across Different Tasks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6790-9559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuzanna","family":"Lauda\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jaracza 1, 00-378 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Graduate School for Social Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Nowy \u015awiat 72, 00-330 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1235-6376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"L\u00f3pez P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jaracza 1, 00-378 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0909-3368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicja","family":"Radkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jaracza 1, 00-378 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2002-5371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Babis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jaracza 1, 00-378 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2788-4865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Malinowska-Korczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jaracza 1, 00-378 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3626-3940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Wallot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Leuphana University of L\u00fcneburg, Universit\u00e4tsallee 1, 21335 L\u00fcneburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0390-5759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Tomalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jaracza 1, 00-378 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thelen, E., and Smith, L.B. 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