{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:25:35Z","timestamp":1772252735451,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005739","name":"DGAPA-UNAM","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IN104920"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN104920"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We have proposed that the abiogenesis of life around the beginning of the Archean may have been an example of \u201cspontaneous\u201d microscopic dissipative structuring of UV-C pigments under the prevailing surface ultraviolet solar spectrum. The thermodynamic function of these Archean pigments (the \u201cfundamental molecules of life\u201d), as for the visible pigments of today, was to dissipate the incident solar light into heat. We have previously described the non-equilibrium thermodynamics and the photochemical mechanisms which may have been involved in the dissipative structuring of the purines adenine and hypoxanthine from the common precursor molecules of hydrogen cyanide and water under this UV light. In this article, we extend our analysis to include the production of the other two important purines, guanine and xanthine. The photochemical reactions are presumed to occur within a fatty acid vesicle floating on a hot (\u223c80 \u00b0C) neutral pH ocean surface exposed to the prevailing UV-C light. Reaction\u2013diffusion equations are resolved under different environmental conditions. Significant amounts of adenine (\u223c10\u22125 M) and guanine (\u223c10\u22126 M) are obtained within 60 Archean days, starting from realistic concentrations of the precursors hydrogen cyanide and cyanogen (\u223c10\u22125 M).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e24081027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T22:03:42Z","timestamp":1658873022000},"page":"1027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Dissipative Photochemical Abiogenesis of the Purines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Claudeth","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Division of Exact and Natural Sciences, Campus Hermosillo, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo C.P. 83067, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karo","family":"Michaelian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Physics and Application of Radiation, Instituto de F\u00edsica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Circuito Interior de la Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica, Cuidad Universitaria, Cuidad de M\u00e9xico C.P. 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1126\/science.130.3370.245","article-title":"Origin of Organic Compounds on the Primitive Earth and in Meteorites","volume":"130","author":"Miller","year":"1959","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(60)90138-8","article-title":"Synthesis of adenine from ammonium cyanide","volume":"2","year":"1960","journal-title":"Biochem. 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