{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T15:56:20Z","timestamp":1771257380561,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["313613\/2023-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["313613\/2023-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["442025\/2023-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["442025\/2023-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APQ-01420-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ-01420-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RED-00090-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RED-00090-21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The growing demand for renewable energy positions biorefineries as key to enhancing biofuel competitiveness. This study proposes a novel MILP superstructure integrating resource seasonality, process selection, and heat integration to optimize biomethanol production in a sugarcane biorefinery. A multi-objective optimization balancing net present value (NPV) and avoided CO2 emissions reveals that energy integration improves environmental performance with limited economic impact. The model estimates the production of up to 66.85 kg of biomethanol\/ton sugarcane from bagasse gasification, 40.7 kg e-methanol\/ton sugarcane via CO2 hydrogenation, and 3.68 kg of biomethane\/ton sugarcane from biogas upgrading. Hydrogen production through biomethane reforming and photovoltaic-powered electrolysis increases methanol output without raising emissions. The integrated system achieves energy efficiencies of up to 57.3% and enables the avoidance of up to 493 kg of CO2\/ton sugarcane over the planning horizon. When thermal integration is excluded, efficiency drops by 8% and net energy production per area falls by 11%, due to the need to divert bagasse to cogeneration. Although economic challenges remain, CO2 remuneration ranging from USD 3.27 to USD 129.79 per ton could ensure project viability. These findings highlight the role of integrated energy systems in enabling sustainable and economically feasible sugarcane biorefineries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e27111162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T10:24:58Z","timestamp":1763375098000},"page":"1162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Multi-Objective Framework for Biomethanol Process Integration in Sugarcane Biorefineries Under a Multiperiod MILP Superstructure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7759-931X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor Fernandes","family":"Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Engineering, Modeling and Social Science Applied, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andr\u00e9 09280, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4810-8868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reynaldo","family":"Palacios-Bereche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Engineering, Modeling and Social Science Applied, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andr\u00e9 09280, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8354-4948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriano Viana","family":"Ensinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e32649","article-title":"Barriers to Commercial Deployment of Biorefineries: A Multi-Faceted Review of Obstacles across the Innovation Chain","volume":"10","author":"Makepa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-014-0146-2","article-title":"Overview of the Challenges in the Production of Biodiesel","volume":"5","author":"Meira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomass Conv. 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