{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T09:06:17Z","timestamp":1788944777463,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Research on social networks now sits at a productive intersection between network science and computational social science [...]<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e28091008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T08:05:43Z","timestamp":1788941143000},"page":"1008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Complexity of Social Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Zi-Ke","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Media and International Culture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2532-4090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junming","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul and Marcia Wythes Center on Contemporary China, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9148-3145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoke","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Computational Communication Research (Zhuhai), School of Journalism and Communication, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9481-7964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quanhui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61001","DOI":"10.1209\/0295-5075\/ade337","article-title":"Network-based computational communication","volume":"150","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Europhys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1038\/s42254-024-00733-0","article-title":"Contagion dynamics on higher-order networks","volume":"6","author":"Aleta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Phys."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/s41567-024-02757-w","article-title":"Topology shapes dynamics of higher-order networks","volume":"21","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Phys."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/s43588-024-00621-8","article-title":"Strategy evolution on higher-order networks","volume":"4","author":"Sheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1137\/21M1414024","article-title":"What are higher-order networks?","volume":"65","author":"Bick","year":"2023","journal-title":"SIAM Rev."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1177\/2057150X241306780","article-title":"Natural language processing for social science research: A comprehensive review","volume":"11","author":"Hou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. J. Sociol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104087","article-title":"Competition or coexistence: Diffusion network differences between entertainment events and public events on social media","volume":"62","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inf. Process. Manag."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"775","article-title":"Assessing the effectiveness of test-trace-isolate interventions using a multi-layered temporal network","volume":"10","author":"Cai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Model."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s13278-025-01565-1","article-title":"Narrative diffusion in social networks: A survey","volume":"16","author":"Gurung","year":"2026","journal-title":"Soc. Netw. Anal. Min."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s13278-025-01428-9","article-title":"Large language models (LLM) in computational social science: Prospects, current state, and challenges","volume":"15","author":"Thapa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soc. Netw. Anal. Min."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03666-1","article-title":"Measuring algorithmically infused societies","volume":"595","author":"Wagner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1177\/08944393241254464","article-title":"Estimating measurement quality in digital trace data and surveys using the MultiTrait MultiMethod model","volume":"43","author":"Cernat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Comput. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1140\/epjds\/s13688-023-00434-1","article-title":"Computational social science is growing up: Why puberty consists of embracing measurement validation, theory development, and open science practices","volume":"12","author":"Elmer","year":"2023","journal-title":"EPJ Data Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1177\/10776990241301676","article-title":"Between innovation and standardization: Best practices and inclusive guidelines in computational communication science","volume":"102","author":"Waldherr","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal. Mass Commun. Q."}],"container-title":["Entropy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/28\/9\/1008\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T08:08:24Z","timestamp":1788941304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/28\/9\/1008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["e28091008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e28091008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-4300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1099-4300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]}}}