{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T18:01:14Z","timestamp":1790100074991,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35GM160273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM160273"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01GM128242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01GM128242"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32GM008750"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM008750"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AA013527"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AA013527"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EBJ"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Pneumonia contributes to post-burn morbidity and mortality. Understanding the mechanisms that predispose burn patients to pneumonia is crucial to both stratifying patients at increased risk and developing targeted interventions. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted with 47 human patients who sustained large burn injuries with serum collected on days 2 and 3 post-burn and assessed for Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and -2 (Ang-2). C57BL\/6 mice were subjected to either sham injury or a 12.5% total body surface area (TBSA) scald burn injury, and plasma and lungs were assessed. Results: Patients who developed pneumonia within 30 days of injury had higher serum Ang-2 and Ang-2\/1 ratio on post-injury days 2 and 3. Similar to patient findings, we observed an increase in Ang-2 in burn mice compared to sham. Within the lungs of burn mice, we found significant increases in Tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor homology domains 2 (TIE2) receptor transcript Tek, downstream mediators TNFAIP3 Interacting Protein 2 (Tnip2) and phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (Pik3r1), in addition to endothelial adhesion molecules intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), along with neutrophil infiltration and markers compared to sham. Conclusions: These findings suggest that burn injury increases Angiopoetin-2 and downstream signaling in the lungs, which may contribute to post-burn pulmonary dysfunction. Further studies are necessary to understand if modulating the Ang\u2013TIE2 axis can protect against pneumonia post-burn.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ebj7010001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T09:29:16Z","timestamp":1766136556000},"page":"1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Role of Angiopoietin-2 in Post-Burn Pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2533-3050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary Grace","family":"Murray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA"},{"name":"Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1809-6023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan M.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA"},{"name":"Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4481-411X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abigail B.","family":"Plum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6964-577X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Carbajal Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7930-897X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin E.","family":"Galicia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA"},{"name":"Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Brady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8678-725X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madison","family":"Kipp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene B.","family":"Helenowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Office, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1622-092X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madison M.","family":"Tschann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA"},{"name":"Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connor","family":"Guzior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard P.","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA"},{"name":"Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1152-7145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mashkoor A.","family":"Choudhry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA"},{"name":"Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1446-3391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John C.","family":"Kubasiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA"},{"name":"Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2025, November 07). 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Acids"}],"container-title":["European Burn Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2673-1991\/7\/1\/1\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T09:45:52Z","timestamp":1766137552000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2673-1991\/7\/1\/1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ebj7010001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ebj7010001","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-1991"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-1991","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]}}}