{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T05:01:43Z","timestamp":1785128503704,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EJIHPE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Child ADHD symptoms are highly prevalent in middle childhood, alongside impairment in social functioning. The parent\u2013child relationship has been shown to play an important role; however, studies investigating specific facets of the parent\u2013child relationship in ADHD symptomatology in middle childhood have been neglected. We assumed that higher ADHD symptoms were associated with both (1) lower maternal emotional availability (EA) and (2) lower child attachment security. Moreover, (3) we aimed to explore which specific EA dimensions were associated with ADHD symptoms. Methods: In a socio-pediatric clinic in Germany, 71 inpatient mother\u2013child dyads (child age: M = 7.70, SD = 1.06; n = 54 boys) were assessed. Clinical data about child ADHD symptoms (Child Behavior Checklist 6\u201318 subscale \u201cattention deficit\/hyperactivity problems\u201d), maternal EA (free play), and child attachment representation (Attachment Story Completion Task, GEV-B) were analyzed cross-sectionally. Results: Controlling for child oppositional behavior and sex, child ADHD symptoms were associated with overall maternal EA, and more specifically non-hostility, but not with child attachment representation. Conclusions: Our results imply that the role of parent\u2013child interaction quality should be considered in the treatment of ADHD. Bidirectional effects cannot be ruled out.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ejihpe14060104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T07:39:49Z","timestamp":1717486789000},"page":"1572-1584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["ADHD Symptoms in Middle Childhood: The Role of Child Attachment and Maternal Emotional Availability in an Inpatient Clinical Sample"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Michaela","family":"Augustin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Pediatrics, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Heiglhofstr. 69, 81377 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Mall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Pediatrics, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Heiglhofstr. 69, 81377 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKJ), Partner Site Munich, Heiglhofstr. 69, 81377 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"kbo-Kinderzentrum Munich, Heiglhofstr. 65, 81377 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Licata-Dandel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Pediatrics, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Heiglhofstr. 69, 81377 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"kbo-Kinderzentrum Munich, Heiglhofstr. 65, 81377 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Charlotte Fresenius University, Infanteriestr. 11a, 80797 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3233\/JPN-2011-0494","article-title":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)","volume":"9","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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