{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:20:34Z","timestamp":1791876034790,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","award":["FONCyT-PICT-2019-3882"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FONCyT-PICT-2019-3882"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EJIHPE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to examine athlete engagement and its relationships with indicators of the quality of the athlete\u2019s sport experience, exploring potential differences according to gender, age, and competitive level. Furthermore, this study validated the Athlete Engagement Questionnaire (AEQ) in young athletes and confirmed its factor structure. A total of 1188 athletes (43.90% girls) from Argentina participated in the study, with a mean age of 15.92 (SD = 2.50). The participants completed the AEQ along with other measures of athletes\u2019 quality of experience, such as motivation, enjoyment, and burnout. This study confirmed the multidimensional nature of engagement, showing positive associations with high-quality athlete experiences and revalidating the inverse relationship with burnout. Moreover, the study found differences in engagement dimensions (i.e., confidence, vigor, dedication, and enthusiasm) based on the interplay of gender, age, and competitive level. In general, male athletes, younger athletes, and those with a higher competitive level showed more engagement and interactions between these sociodemographic variables. The Argentinian version of AEQ exhibited optimal fit and reliability and good indexes of measurement invariance across gender, age, and competitive level. These findings validate the AEQ as a reliable tool for evaluating sport engagement among adolescents in Argentina. Engagement constitutes an indicator of an optimal experience linked to positive youth development through sports participation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ejihpe14060106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T07:39:49Z","timestamp":1717486789000},"page":"1597-1613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Engagement in Youth Athletes as a Positive Experience in Sport: Implications of Gender, Age, and Competitive Level"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4677-3987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Julia","family":"Raimundi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina"},{"name":"Institute of Basic, Applied and Technological Psychology (IPSIBAT), National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata B7603ETK, Argentina"},{"name":"Faculty of Psychology and Human Relations, Interamerican Open University (UAI), Buenos Aires C1147AAU, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Celsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina"},{"name":"Research Institute, Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1052AAA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3453-8290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"P\u00e9rez-Gaido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina"},{"name":"Department of Health and Social Security, National University of Tres de Febrero, Buenos Aires C1062AB0, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanina","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina"},{"name":"Faculty of Psychology and Human Relations, Interamerican Open University (UAI), Buenos Aires C1147AAU, Argentina"},{"name":"Research Institute, Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1052AAA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6821-4038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6388-8030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Octavio","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-10-98","article-title":"A Systematic Review of the Psychological and Social Benefits of Participation in Sport for Children and Adolescents: Informing Development of a Conceptual Model of Health through Sport","volume":"10","author":"Eime","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"191","article-title":"Why Children\/Youth Drop Out of Sports","volume":"36","author":"Witt","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Park Recreat. Adm."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1515\/hukin-2017-0152","article-title":"Motivational Antecedents of Well-Being and Health Related Behaviors in Adolescents","volume":"59","author":"Balaguer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hum. Kinet."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1080\/10413200.2019.1705432","article-title":"Self-Determined Motivation, Social Identification and the Mental Health of Adolescent Male Team Sport Participants","volume":"33","author":"Vella","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Sport Psychol."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"451","article-title":"Athlete Engagement: I. A Qualitative Investigation of Relevance and Dimensions","volume":"38","author":"Lonsdale","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Psychol."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"471","article-title":"Athlete Engagement: II. Development and Initial Validation of the Athlete Engagement Questionnaire","volume":"38","author":"Lonsdale","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Psychol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burn.2017.05.002","article-title":"Burnout and Engagement: Identical Twins or Just Close Relatives?","volume":"5","author":"Taris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Burn. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glandorf, H.L., Madigan, D.J., Kavanagh, O., and Mallinson-Howard, S.H. (2023). Mental and Physical Health Outcomes of Burnout in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int. Rev. Sport Exerc. Psychol., 1\u201345.","DOI":"10.1080\/1750984X.2023.2225187"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.19.4.396","article-title":"Is Athlete Burnout More than Just Stress? A Sport Commitment Perspective","volume":"19","author":"Raedeke","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Sport Exerc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1177\/1747954118787488","article-title":"Measurement Invariance and Validity of the Athlete Engagement Questionnaire","volume":"13","author":"Arce","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Sci. Coach."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015630930326","article-title":"The Measurement of Engagement and Burnout: A Two Sample Confirmatory Factor Analytic Approach","volume":"3","author":"Schaufeli","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Happiness Stud."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"\u00c5kesdotter, C. (2013). Affect, Engagement and Reaction Time in Swedish Elite Athletes: A Randomized Control Study Regarding the Effects of a Self-Regulation Training Log. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences]."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2019.04.020","article-title":"Antecedents and Consequences of Perceived Autonomy Support in Elite Sport: A Diary Study Linking Coaches\u2019 off-Job Recovery and Athletes\u2019 Performance Satisfaction","volume":"44","author":"Balk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Sport Exerc."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"151","article-title":"Explorando La Resiliencia En Deporte. Apoyo Del Entrenador a La Autonom\u00eda y Compromiso Del Atleta\u2014Una Contribuci\u00f3n a La Literatura","volume":"18","author":"Pedro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cuad. Psicol. Deporte"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"186","article-title":"Athlete Engagement in Elite Sport: An Exploratory Investigation of Antecedents and Consequences","volume":"23","author":"Hodge","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sport Psychol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.14789\/jmj.2018.64.JMJ18-P32","article-title":"How Much Impact Do Psychological Satisfaction and Stressors Have on Athlete Engagement?","volume":"64","author":"Kamimura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Juntendo Med. J."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"421","article-title":"The Mediating Role of Sport Self-Motivation between Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Athlete Engagement","volume":"30","author":"Arce","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1080\/1612197X.2014.999346","article-title":"Need Satisfaction, Motivation, and Engagement among High-Performance Youth Athletes: A Multiple Mediation Analysis","volume":"13","author":"Podlog","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raimundi, M.J., Corti, J.F., P\u00e9rez-Gaido, M., Alvarez, O., and Castillo, I. (2023). Which Assessment of Coach-Created Motivational Climate Better Predicts Young Athletes\u2019 Engagement over a Season? Athletes\u2019 Perceptions and Match Observations Do. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/su15065179"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.26582\/k.54.1.1","article-title":"The Role of Parent Initiated Motivational Climate in Athletes\u2019 Engagement and Dispositional Flow","volume":"54","author":"Bizan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kinesiology"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.8730","article-title":"More Is Less? The Curvilinear Impact of Coach Competency on Athlete Psychological Engagement","volume":"48","author":"Teng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc. Behav. Personal. Int. J."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Examining the Validity of the Athlete Engagement Questionnaire (AEQ) in a Portuguese Sport Setting","volume":"20","author":"Martins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mot. Rev. Educ. F\u00edsica"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"211","article-title":"Athletes Engagement Model: A Gender","volume":"11","author":"Martins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Cienc. Deporte"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"521","article-title":"Athletic Engagement and Athletic Identity in Top Croatian Sprint Runners","volume":"39","author":"Missoni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Coll. Antropol."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"22","article-title":"Preliminary Validation of a Spanish Version of the Athlete Engagement Questionnaire (AEQ)","volume":"26","author":"Arce","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Psicol. Deporte"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Francisco, C., S\u00e1nchez-Romero, E.I., V\u00edlchez Conesa, M.D.P., and Arce, C. (2020). Basic Psychological Needs, Burnout and Engagement in Sport: The Mediating Role of Motivation Regulation. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17144941"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"39","article-title":"Reliability and Validity of \u201cAthlete Engagement Questionnaire\u201d (Sporcu Ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi\u201d nin Ge\u00e7erlik ve G\u00fcvenirlik \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131)","volume":"16","author":"Kelecek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spormetre"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"103","article-title":"A Preliminary Psychometric Investigation of a Chinese Version of Athlete Engagement Questionnaire (AEQ)","volume":"11","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum. Mov. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Family Functioning Profiles and Character Strengths in Young Elite Athletes from Argentina","volume":"14","author":"Raimundi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"101","article-title":"Estudio exploratorio acerca de las fortalezas humanas en deportistas adolescentes de Selecciones Nacionales Argentinas: Comparaci\u00f3n con adolescentes de diferentes niveles de pr\u00e1ctica","volume":"13","author":"Raimundi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Iberoam. Psicol. Ejerc. El Deporte"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.6018\/cpd.339431","article-title":"Life Aspirations and Their Relationship with Passion in Argentine Athletes Selected for the Youth Olympic Games","volume":"19","author":"Raimundi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cuad. Psicol. Deporte"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"431","article-title":"An\u00e1lisis de la variabilidad del flow y la experiencia autot\u00e9lica en deportistas adolescentes de selecciones nacionales argentinas","volume":"28","author":"Raimundi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anu. Investig."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2014.07.004","article-title":"Defining Elite Athletes: Issues in the Study of Expert Performance in Sport Psychology","volume":"16","author":"Swann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Sport Exerc."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"199","article-title":"Specialization Pathways among Danish Elite Athletes: A Look at the Developmental Model of Sport Participation from a Cultural Perspective","volume":"43","author":"Storm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Psychol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e089","DOI":"10.24215\/23142561e089","article-title":"Educacion formal y deporte de \u00e9lite en adolescentes argentinos","volume":"21","author":"Castro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Educ. F\u00edsica Cienc."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2018). ITC ITC Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests (Second Edition). Int. J. Test., 18, 101\u2013134.","DOI":"10.1080\/15305058.2017.1398166"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1080\/1612197X.2013.830434","article-title":"Measurement Invariance of the Behavioural Regulation in Sport Questionnaire When Completed by Young Athletes across Five European Countries","volume":"11","author":"Viladrich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.30.3.323","article-title":"The Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ): Instrument Development and Initial Validity Evidence","volume":"30","author":"Lonsdale","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Sport Exerc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.5232\/ricyde2011.02505","article-title":"Predictores socio-contextuales y motivacionales de la intenci\u00f3n de continuar participando: Un an\u00e1lisis desde la SDT en danza. (Social-contextual and motivational predictors of intentions to continue participation: A test of SDT in dance)","volume":"7","author":"Balaguer","year":"2011","journal-title":"RICYDE Rev. Int. Cienc. Deporte"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"761","article-title":"Do Both Coaches and Parents Contribute to Youth Soccer Players\u2019 Motivation and Engagement? An Examination of Their Unique (de)Motivating Roles","volume":"19","author":"Soenens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"123","article-title":"Apoyo a la autonom\u00eda, satisfacci\u00f3n de las necesidades, motivaci\u00f3n y bienestar en deportistas de competici\u00f3n: Un an\u00e1lisis de la teor\u00eda de la autodeterminaci\u00f3n","volume":"17","author":"Balaguer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev. Psicol. Deporte"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1080\/1612197X.2013.830431","article-title":"Intentions to Drop-out of Youth Soccer: A Test of the Basic Needs Theory among European Youth from Five Countries","volume":"11","author":"Quested","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.15332\/22563067.6009","article-title":"\u00bfQu\u00e9 implica disfrutar del deporte? Presentaci\u00f3n de un instrumento para su evaluaci\u00f3n","volume":"18","author":"Schmidt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Divers. Perspect. Psicol."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"177","article-title":"Versi\u00f3n reducida del Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ): Propiedades psicom\u00e9tricas preliminares","volume":"24","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Psicol. Deporte"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.23.4.281","article-title":"Development and Preliminary Validation of an Athlete Burnout Measure","volume":"23","author":"Raedeke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Sport Exerc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Asociaci\u00f3n Argentina de Estudios e Investigaci\u00f3n en Psicodiagn\u00f3stico (ADEIP) (2024, May 06). C\u00f3digo de \u00c9tica Del Psicodiagnosticador. Available online: www.adeip.org.ar."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"819","article-title":"Computing Maximum Likelihood Estimates for the Mixed AOV Model Using the W-Transformation","volume":"15","author":"Hemmerle","year":"1973","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Searle, S., Casella, F., and McCulloch, C. (1992). Variance Components, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316856"},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Mar\u00f4co, J. (2010). Fundamentos Te\u00f3ricos, Software & Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es, Rolo y Filhos II, SA."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701301834","article-title":"Sensitivity of Goodness of Fit Indexes to Lack of Measurement Invariance","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Struct. Equ. Model. Multidiscip. J."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Routledge. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.2013-0070","article-title":"Testing Measurement Invariance across Spanish and English Versions of the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire: An Application of Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling","volume":"36","author":"Marsh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Sport Exerc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gra\u00f1a, M., De Francisco, C., and Arce, C. (2021). The Relationship between Motivation and Burnout in Athletes and the Mediating Role of Engagement. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18094884"},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"13","article-title":"Profile of psychological skills of University taekwondo competitors and its relation to success in competition","volume":"14","author":"Estevan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cuad. Psicol. Deporte"},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"211","article-title":"Adaptaci\u00f3n argentina del Inventario Psicol\u00f3gico de Ejecuci\u00f3n Deportiva (IPED): Validez, fiabilidad y precisi\u00f3n","volume":"16","author":"Raimundi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cuad. Psicol. Deporte"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2012.10.005","article-title":"The Influence of Sex Stereotypes and Gender Roles on Participation and Performance in Sport and Exercise: Review and Future Directions","volume":"14","author":"Chalabaev","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol. Sport Exerc."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"51","article-title":"Autoeficacia percibida y rendimiento t\u00e9cnico-t\u00e1ctico en taekwondistas universitarios","volume":"16","author":"Estevan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cuad. Psicol. Deporte"},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"5","article-title":"Psychological Characteristics and Traits in Male Handball Players\u2014Optimism, Athlete Engagement, and Mental Energy","volume":"13","author":"Sindik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sport Sci. Pract. Asp."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(14)00080-7","article-title":"The New Life Stage of Emerging Adulthood at Ages 18\u201329 Years: Implications for Mental Health","volume":"1","author":"Arnett","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2016.06.004","article-title":"Substance Use Among College Students","volume":"25","author":"Skidmore","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Kristensen, J.\u00c5. (2013). Motivation and Athlete Engagement: A Cross-Sectional Study in Youth Ice Hockey Players. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences]."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"215","article-title":"Rendimiento f\u00edsico y psicol\u00f3gico en lucha ol\u00edmpica: Predictores del \u00e9xito en lucha femenina","volume":"28","year":"2012","journal-title":"An. Psicol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mossman, L.H., Slemp, G.R., Lewis, K.J., Colla, R.H., and O\u2019Halloran, P. (2022). Autonomy Support in Sport and Exercise Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int. Rev. Sport Exerc. Psychol., 1\u201324.","DOI":"10.1080\/1750984X.2022.2031252"},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez, A., Garc\u00eda Arabehety, M., Celsi, I., Tourn, S., and Raimundi, M.J. (2018, January 3). Clima Motivacional Creado Por Los Entrenadores: Diferencias En La Percepci\u00f3n de Deportistas Adolescentes de Buenos Aires (Argentina) En Funci\u00f3n Del G\u00e9nero, Deporte y Categor\u00eda. Proceedings of the VII Congreso Iberoamericano de Psicolog\u00eda del Deporte, Santiago, Chile."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fabra, P., Gonz\u00e1lez-Garc\u00eda, L., Castillo, I., Duda, J.L., and Balaguer, I. (2023). Motivational Antecedents of Young Players\u2019 Intentions to Drop Out of Football during a Season. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/su15031750"},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"(2024, January 03). Observatorio Social del Deporte Encuesta Sobre Deporte y Actividad F\u00edsica En Ni\u00f1os, Ni\u00f1as y Adolescentes. Available online: https:\/\/www.argentina.gob.ar\/sites\/default\/files\/encuesta_sobre_deporte_y_actividad_fisica_en_ninos_ninas_y_adolescentes_-_digital.pdf."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"172","article-title":"Perfil socioeducativo y econ\u00f3mico de deportistas adolescentes de \u00e9lite argentinos (Socio-educational and economic profile of Argentinean elite adolescent athletes)","volume":"34","author":"Farinola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retos"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.6018\/cpd.353711","article-title":"Engagement to Sports and Its Relationship with Alcohol Consumption in Adolescents and Young Adults","volume":"19","author":"Schmidt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cuad. Psicol. Deporte"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1123\/wspaj.2018-0069","article-title":"Key Considerations for Advancing Women in Coaching","volume":"27","author":"Banwell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Women Sport Phys. Act. J."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e162","DOI":"10.24215\/23142561e162","article-title":"Las actitudes sexistas ambivalentes de entrenadores y entrenadoras y su relaci\u00f3n con la percepci\u00f3n del clima motivacional que crean en sus equipos deportivos","volume":"23","author":"Leiter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Educ. F\u00edsica Cienc."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2254-9625\/14\/6\/106\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:53:32Z","timestamp":1760108012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2254-9625\/14\/6\/106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["ejihpe14060106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ejihpe14060106","relation":{},"ISSN":["2254-9625"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2254-9625","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]}}}