{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T09:59:43Z","timestamp":1790935183384,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Savings Bank Foundation DNB"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EJIHPE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined the association between school climate, defined by social and academic environments, and mental wellbeing among 446 first-year upper-secondary students in eastern Norway (ISRCTN10405415). As part of the MOVE12 pilot study conducted in February 2023, a cross-sectional online questionnaire targeted approximately 600 students from five schools offering diverse academic and vocational tracks. Mental wellbeing was assessed using the Warwick\u2013Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS, scale 7\u201335), and the data were analyzed with stepwise multiple linear regression. The mean mental wellbeing score was 24.5 \u00b1 4.3, with significant gender differences (p &lt; 0.05) but no variations between academic and vocational tracks. Self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of mental wellbeing (b = 0.236, p &lt; 0.001), followed by health satisfaction (b = 0.179, p &lt; 0.001), time spent with friends (b = 0.163, p &lt; 0.001), social isolation (b = \u22120.162, p = 0.001), wellbeing in physical education (b = 0.129, p = 0.002), and classroom climate (b = 0.128, p = 0.007). These findings emphasize the critical role of self-efficacy, peer connections, and supportive classroom climates in promoting mental wellbeing. Addressing these elements of school climate can significantly enhance the mental health and overall outcomes of upper-secondary students.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ejihpe15040046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T13:39:53Z","timestamp":1742996393000},"page":"46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Exploring the Associations Between School Climate and Mental Wellbeing: Insights from the MOVE12 Pilot Study in Norwegian Secondary Schools"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Karoline Gulbrandsen","family":"Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Studies of Educational Practice (SePU), University of Inland Norway, 2318 Hamar, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5381-6017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svein","family":"Barene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Inland Norway, 2406 Elverum, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.44.4.709","article-title":"Attachments beyond infancy","volume":"44","author":"Ainsworth","year":"1989","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijer.2018.01.012","article-title":"The relationships between school climate and adolescent mental health and wellbeing: A systematic literature review","volume":"88","author":"Aldridge","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Research"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-016-9389-8","article-title":"What schools need to know about fostering school belonging: A meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Allen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-021-09621-w","article-title":"Impact of school-based interventions for building school belonging in adolescence: A systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Allen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-012-1827-0","article-title":"Accelerometry-assessed sedentary behaviour and physical activity levels during the segmented school day in 10\u201314-year-old children: The HAPPY study","volume":"171","author":"Bailey","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Bakken, A. 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