{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:15:43Z","timestamp":1760058943796,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EJIHPE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: There is currently no study examining the mental health consequences of deployed German service members in Iraq. The aim is, therefore, to determine the cumulative incidence and latency period until the first diagnosis of deployment-related mental disorders. We hypothesized a lower rate than for Afghanistan with 2.4%. Methods: All registered N = 1635 German military personnel who were deployed to the mission \u201cTraining support contingent Northern Iraq\u201d between 2015 and 2018 were included. Individuals with mental disorders attributed to this deployment were identified in a central database. Differences in latency between diagnoses were calculated by t-tests for independent samples. Results: By January 2024, n = 55 (3.4%) individuals had been recorded who developed a mental disorder as a result of this deployment. Most of them (54.5%) had a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as the main or comorbid diagnosis. There were no gender differences in the cumulative incidence (male 3.6%; female 2.9). The latency period between the onset of disease and initial diagnosis was, on average, 1.0 years (standard deviation 1.1 years; Q25 &lt; 1 year, Q50 = 1 year and Q75 = 2 years). With 1.3 vs. 0.6 years, the latency was significantly longer for individuals with PTSD. Conclusions: The cumulative incidence appears to be higher after the Iraq deployment than after most other Bundeswehr deployments. This is attributed to particular threats. The latency period is higher for those affected with PTSD than with other disorders. This could be due to a higher degree of stigmatization. It is, therefore, worthwhile to compare the different deployments in order to be able to derive better preventive and aftercare measures as well as destigmatization programs to prevent chronification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ejihpe15050081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T10:06:52Z","timestamp":1747217212000},"page":"81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cumulative Incidence of Mental Disorders Among German Military Personnel Deployed to Iraq 2015\u20132018\u2014An Epidemiological Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2537-2148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrich","family":"Wesemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychotraumatology, Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Scharnhorststr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8502-2126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl-Heinz","family":"Renner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Bundeswehr University Munich, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundeswehr Operations Command, Henning-von-Tresckow-Kaserne, 14548 Schwielowsee, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"H\u00fcttermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychotraumatology, Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Scharnhorststr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerd-Dieter","family":"Willmund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychotraumatology, Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Scharnhorststr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000487","article-title":"Rapid response to acute stress reaction: Pilot test of iCOVER training for military units","volume":"12","author":"Adler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adugna, B., Tesfaye, B., Ali, D., Mirkena, Y., and Getinet, W. 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