{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:31:16Z","timestamp":1760059876995,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EJIHPE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An accurate assessment of alcohol consumption is essential for identifying at-risk individuals and informing prevention and intervention strategies. The present study aimed to validate the Italian version of the Alcohol Use Questionnaire (AUQ), a self-report instrument designed to assess both general alcohol intake and binge drinking patterns. A sample of 378 Italian participants (54.5% female; Mage = 26.76 years, SD = 8.44) completed the AUQ along with additional measures assessing binge eating and psychological vulnerabilities related to addiction. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a bifactor model reflecting two distinct but related dimensions: general intake and binge drinking. Network analysis highlighted the central role of perceived frequency of intoxication within the structure of alcohol-related behaviors. Both AUQ indices showed good internal consistency and significant associations with external variables, particularly impulsivity, dissociation, and affect dysregulation, supporting construct validity. The Italian AUQ emerges as a valid and reliable tool for assessing alcohol use patterns and may be useful in both research and clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ejihpe15070137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T10:33:47Z","timestamp":1752748427000},"page":"137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Validation of the Alcohol Use Questionnaire (AUQ) in the Italian Context: A Measure for Assessing Alcohol Intake and Binge Drinking"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0849-1249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Topino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human and Social Sciences, Mercatorum University, Piazza Mattei, 10, 00186 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6867-2319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Gori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Via di San Salvi 12, Pad. 26, 50135 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Integrated Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Institute (IPPI), Via Ricasoli 32, 50122 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12624","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29311-y","article-title":"Binge drinking among adolescents is related to the development of alcohol use disorders: Results from a cross-sectional study","volume":"8","author":"Addolorato","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"206","article-title":"Screening properties of questionnaires and laboratory tests for the detection of alcohol abuse or dependence in a general practice population","volume":"51","author":"Aertgeerts","year":"2001","journal-title":"British Journal of General Practice"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, American Psychiatric Publishing. [5th ed.].","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, American Psychiatric Publishing. [5th ed.]. text rev.; DSM-5-TR.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"759","article-title":"Binge eating and alcohol consumption: An integrative review","volume":"26","author":"Azevedo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Babor, T. F., and Higgins-Biddle, J. C. (2001). AUDIT: The alcohol use disorders identification test: Guidelines for use in primary care, World Health Organization. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3186","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00014","article-title":"Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures","volume":"25","author":"Beaton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023421","article-title":"Deficits in emotion-regulation skills predict alcohol use during and after cognitive\u2013behavioral therapy for alcohol dependence","volume":"79","author":"Berking","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13542","article-title":"How do self-assessment of alexithymia and sensitivity to bodily sensations relate to alcohol consumption?","volume":"42","author":"Betka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.09.023","article-title":"Alcohol misuse and violent behavior: Findings from a 30-year longitudinal study","volume":"122","author":"Boden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185608","article-title":"Network analysis: An integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology","volume":"9","author":"Borsboom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000446","article-title":"What do centrality measures measure in psychological networks?","volume":"128","author":"Bringmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2011.00749.x","article-title":"A tutorial on hierarchically structured constructs","volume":"80","author":"Brunner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Personality"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Byrne, B. M. (2020). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming, Routledge. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caretti, V., Gori, A., Craparo, G., Giannini, M., Iraci-Sareri, G., and Schimmenti, A. (2018). A new measure for assessing substance-related and addictive disorders: The addictive behavior questionnaire (ABQ). Journal of Clinical Medicine, 7, (8).","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7080194"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124108314720","article-title":"An empirical evaluation of the use of fixed cutoff points in RMSEA test statistic in structural equation models","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sociological Methods & Research"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000626","article-title":"Constructing validity: New developments in creating objective measuring instruments","volume":"31","author":"Clark","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.97.2.168","article-title":"A motivational model of alcohol use","volume":"97","author":"Cox","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.4306\/pi.2014.11.3.330","article-title":"The relationships between early trauma, dissociation, and alexithymia in alcohol addiction","volume":"11","author":"Craparo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investigation"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-3289(00)00037-7","article-title":"Towards agreement on ways to measure and report drinking patterns and alcohol-related problems in adult general population surveys: The Skarpo Conference overview","volume":"12","author":"Dawson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"DeVellis, R. F., and Thorpe, C. T. (2021). Scale development: Theory and applications, Sage Publications."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2008.00129.x","article-title":"Impulsivity as a determinant and consequence of drug use: A review of underlying processes","volume":"14","year":"2009","journal-title":"Addiction Biology"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"125","article-title":"Validazione della versione Italiana della binge eating scale in pazienti obesi [Validation of the Italian version of the Binge Eating Scale in obese patients]","volume":"39","author":"Barciulli","year":"1998","journal-title":"Minerva Psichiatrica"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2009.00190.x","article-title":"Understanding the construct of impulsivity and its relationship to alcohol use disorders","volume":"15","author":"Dick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction Biology"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0862-1","article-title":"Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy: A tutorial paper","volume":"50","author":"Epskamp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612826666200316153317","article-title":"Binge eating and binge drinking: A two-way road? An integrative review","volume":"26","author":"Herrero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current Pharmaceutical Design"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-122414-033457","article-title":"Drug addiction: Updating actions to habits to compulsions ten years on","volume":"67","author":"Everitt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"223","article-title":"A user\u2019s guide to network analysis in psychology","volume":"30","author":"Ferguson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"263","article-title":"Probing compulsive and impulsive behaviors, from animal models to endophenotypes: A narrative review","volume":"39","author":"Fineberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.12.026","article-title":"Difficulties in emotion regulation and impulse control during cocaine abstinence","volume":"89","author":"Fox","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Foygel, R., and Drton, M. (2010). Extended Bayesian information criteria for Gaussian graphical models. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 23, Available online: https:\/\/proceedings.neurips.cc\/paper\/2010\/file\/072b030ba126b2f4b2374f342be9ed44-Paper.pdf."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxm045","article-title":"Sparse inverse covariance estimation with the graphical lasso","volume":"9","author":"Friedman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Furr, R. M. (2022). Psychometrics: An introduction, Sage. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"George, D., and Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, Allyn & Bacon. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadr.2024.100786","article-title":"Problematic sexual behaviours, dissociation, and adult attachment: A path analysis model","volume":"17","author":"Gori","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.3390\/ejihpe13030039","article-title":"An integrated approach to addictive behaviors: A study on vulnerability and maintenance factors","volume":"13","author":"Gori","year":"2023a","journal-title":"European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2022.2074762","article-title":"An addictive disorders severity model: A chained mediation analysis using structural equation modeling","volume":"41","author":"Gori","year":"2023b","journal-title":"Journal of Addictive Diseases"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-021-10024-3","article-title":"A comprehensive model for gambling behaviors: Assessment of the factors that can contribute to the vulnerability and maintenance of gambling disorder","volume":"38","author":"Gori","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(82)90024-7","article-title":"The assessment of binge eating severity among obese persons","volume":"7","author":"Gormally","year":"1982","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2020.100308","article-title":"Deter the emotions: Alexithymia, impulsivity and their relationship to binge drinking","volume":"12","author":"Herman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors Reports"},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"53","article-title":"Structural equation modeling: Guidelines for determining model fit","volume":"6","author":"Hooper","year":"2008","journal-title":"Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014694","article-title":"Reporting practices in confirmatory factor analysis: An overview and some recommendations","volume":"14","author":"Jackson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"JASP Team (2024). JASP (Version 0.19.3) [computer software], JASP Team."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.2.270","article-title":"Smoking, stress, and negative affect: Correlation, causation, and context across stages of smoking","volume":"129","author":"Kassel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kline, P. (2013). Handbook of psychological testing, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315812274"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling, Guilford Press. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2021.104330","article-title":"Understanding and managing the threat of common method bias: Detection, prevention and control","volume":"86","author":"Kock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)00104-8","article-title":"Neurobiology of addiction: A neurocircuitry analysis","volume":"3","author":"Koob","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.20230488","article-title":"Overview of alcohol use disorder","volume":"180","author":"Kranzler","year":"2023","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2017.1325889","article-title":"Binge drinking: Health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions","volume":"32","author":"Kuntsche","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychology & Health"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2015.1129703","article-title":"Alcohol intake and binge drinking among Italian adolescents: The role of drinking motives","volume":"35","author":"Laghi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Addictive Diseases"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.1.2.130","article-title":"Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling","volume":"1","author":"MacCallum","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1207\/s15328007sem1103_2","article-title":"In search of golden rules: Comment on hypothesis-testing approaches to setting cutoff values for fit indexes and dangers in overgeneralizing Hu and Bentler\u2019s (1999) findings","volume":"11","author":"Marsh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.97.3.562","article-title":"Application of confirmatory factor analysis to the study of self-concept: First- and higher-order factor models and their invariance across groups","volume":"97","author":"Marsh","year":"1985","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"McDonald, R. P. (1999). Test theory: A unified treatment, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"arcr-v40","article-title":"Alcohol use disorder and depressive disorders","volume":"40","author":"McHugh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alcohol Research: Current Reviews"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1978.43.3.803","article-title":"A questionnaire measure of habitual alcohol use","volume":"43","author":"Mehrabian","year":"1978","journal-title":"Psychological Reports"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.21.2.194","article-title":"Association between alcohol intoxication and alcohol-related problems: An event-level analysis","volume":"21","author":"Neal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Nunnally, J. C., and Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory, McGraw-Hill. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13757","article-title":"The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease\u2014An update","volume":"112","author":"Rehm","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-008-9102-z","article-title":"Coefficients alpha, beta, omega, and the glb: Comments on Sijtsma","volume":"74","author":"Revelle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.11.009","article-title":"Neurocognitive endophenotypes of impulsivity and compulsivity: Towards dimensional psychiatry","volume":"16","author":"Robbins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000181","article-title":"Identifying highly influential nodes in the complicated grief network","volume":"125","author":"Robinaugh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3109\/16066359.2013.841890","article-title":"Problematic alcohol use and marital distress: An interdependence theory perspective","volume":"22","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addiction Research & Theory"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27976","DOI":"10.5812\/ijhrba.27976","article-title":"Alcohol-related dementia and neurocognitive impairment: A review study","volume":"5","author":"Sachdeva","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors & Addiction"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x","article-title":"Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption. II","volume":"88","author":"Saunders","year":"1993","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e3282f0ffd9","article-title":"Clinical challenges in the treatment of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder and substance abuse","volume":"20","author":"Najavits","year":"2007","journal-title":"Current opinion in psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1080\/14616730500173918","article-title":"Attachment and substance use disorders: A review of the literature and a study in drug dependent adolescents","volume":"7","author":"Schindler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Attachment & Human Development"},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"155","article-title":"Chronic diseases and conditions related to alcohol use","volume":"35","author":"Shield","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alcohol Research: Current Reviews"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sobell, L. C., and Sobell, M. B. (1992). Timeline follow-back: A technique for assessing self-reported alcohol consumption. Measuring alcohol consumption: Psychosocial and biochemical methods, Humana Press.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-0357-5_3"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.03.003","article-title":"Impulsivity-related personality traits and adolescent alcohol use: A meta-analytic review","volume":"33","author":"Stautz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327752JPA8001_18","article-title":"Starting at the beginning: An introduction to coefficient alpha and internal consistency","volume":"80","author":"Streiner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Assessment"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2014.02.002","article-title":"Peer pressure and alcohol use in young men: A mediation analysis of drinking motives","volume":"25","author":"Studer","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"35","article-title":"Social and cultural contexts of alcohol use: Influences in a social\u2013ecological framework","volume":"38","author":"Sudhinaraset","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alcohol Research: Current Reviews"},{"key":"ref_76","first-page":"766","article-title":"Comparison of craving between pathological gamblers and alcoholics","volume":"27","author":"Tavares","year":"2003","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2005.05.050","article-title":"Attachment, fear of intimacy and differentiation of self among clients in substance disorder treatment facilities","volume":"31","author":"Thorberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.3109\/16066350903254783","article-title":"Attachment in relation to affect regulation and interpersonal functioning among substance use disorder in patients","volume":"18","author":"Thorberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction Research & Theory"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e029184","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-029184","article-title":"Association between alcohol consumption and impaired work performance (presenteeism): A systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Bonsaksen","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3760","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-023-01080-4","article-title":"Attachment and gambling severity behaviors among regular gamblers: A path modeling analysis exploring the role of alexithymia, dissociation, and impulsivity","volume":"22","author":"Topino","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Topino, E., Griffiths, M. D., and Gori, A. (2025). A compulsive search for love online: A path analysis model of adult anxious attachment, rejection sensitivity, and problematic dating app use. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-025-01487-1"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22886","article-title":"Explaining the association between anxiety disorders and alcohol use disorder: A twin study","volume":"36","author":"Torvik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/37.2.187","article-title":"Patterns of alcohol drinking in a population of young social drinkers: A comparison of questionnaire and diary measures","volume":"37","author":"Townshend","year":"2002","journal-title":"Alcohol and Alcoholism"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.03.035","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and symptoms as predictors for relapse of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder","volume":"140","author":"Tuithof","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2019.06.014","article-title":"Driver-related risk factors of fatal road traffic crashes associated with alcohol or drug impairment","volume":"131","author":"Valen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Accident Analysis & Prevention"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15037","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1010654108","article-title":"Addiction: Beyond dopamine reward circuitry","volume":"108","author":"Volkow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"88","article-title":"Impulsive behaviors as an emotion regulation strategy: Examining associations between PTSD, emotion dysregulation, and impulsive behaviors among substance-dependent inpatients","volume":"30","author":"Weiss","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/16066359.2015.1029920","article-title":"Searching for Mr. Hyde: A five-factor approach to characterizing \u201ctypes of drunks\u201d","volume":"24","author":"Winograd","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addiction Research & Theory"},{"key":"ref_89","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2018). Global status report on alcohol and health 2018, World Health Organization. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241565639."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2254-9625\/15\/7\/137\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:11:14Z","timestamp":1760033474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2254-9625\/15\/7\/137"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ejihpe15070137"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ejihpe15070137","relation":{},"ISSN":["2254-9625"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2254-9625"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]}}}