{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T11:44:07Z","timestamp":1793015047206,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Consejo Mexiquense de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda (COMECYT)","award":["FICDTEM-2023-131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FICDTEM-2023-131"]}]},{"name":"Consejo Mexiquense de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda (COMECYT)","award":["PAPIIT IA201725"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPIIT IA201725"]}]},{"name":"Consejo Mexiquense de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda (COMECYT)","award":["PAPIME 203825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPIME 203825"]}]},{"name":"Consejo Mexiquense de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda (COMECYT)","award":["PAPIIT IN201724"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPIIT IN201724"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM)","award":["FICDTEM-2023-131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FICDTEM-2023-131"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM)","award":["PAPIIT IA201725"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPIIT IA201725"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM)","award":["PAPIME 203825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPIME 203825"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM)","award":["PAPIIT IN201724"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPIIT IN201724"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EJIHPE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>DIALOGUE (DIagnostic AI Learning through Objective Guided User Experience) is a generative artificial intelligence (GenAI)-based training program designed to enhance diagnostic communication skills in medical students. In this single-arm pre\u2013post study, we evaluated whether DIALOGUE could improve students\u2019 ability to disclose a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) diagnosis with clarity, structure, and empathy. Thirty clinical-phase students completed two pre-test virtual encounters with an AI-simulated patient (ChatGPT, GPT-4o), scored by blinded raters using an eight-domain rubric. Participants then engaged in ten asynchronous GenAI scenarios with automated natural-language feedback. Seven days later, they completed two post-test consultations with human standardized patients, again evaluated with the same rubric. Mean total performance increased by 36.7 points (95% CI: 31.4\u201342.1; p &lt; 0.001), and the proportion of high-performing students rose from 0% to 70%. Gains were significant across all domains, most notably in opening the encounter, closure, and diabetes specific explanation. Multiple regression showed that lower baseline empathy (\u03b2 = \u22120.41, p = 0.005) and higher digital self-efficacy (\u03b2 = 0.35, p = 0.016) independently predicted greater improvement; gender had only a marginal effect. Cluster analysis revealed three learner profiles, with the highest-gain group characterized by low empathy and high digital self-efficacy. Inter-rater reliability was excellent (ICC \u2248 0.90). These findings provide empirical evidence that GenAI-mediated training can meaningfully enhance diagnostic communication and may serve as a scalable, individualized adjunct to conventional medical education.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ejihpe15080152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T08:09:35Z","timestamp":1754640575000},"page":"152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["DIALOGUE: A Generative AI-Based Pre\u2013Post Simulation Study to Enhance Diagnostic Communication in Medical Students Through Virtual Type 2 Diabetes Scenarios"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ricardo Xopan","family":"Su\u00e1rez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Remisi\u00f3n de Diabetes Mellitus (URDM), Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico"},{"name":"Carrera de M\u00e9dico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8511-1774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quetzal","family":"Chavez-Casta\u00f1eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrera de M\u00e9dico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Orrico-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrera de M\u00e9dico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Tlalnepantla 54090, 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