{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T07:48:12Z","timestamp":1789544892088,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia","award":["KFU254370"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KFU254370"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EJIHPE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cyberbullying generally reveals two leading players: the attacker side (perpetrator) and the victim side; each side has its distinctive social and psychological dynamics. In most prior empirical studies, the victim side is pivotal, as it bears the direct psychological and emotional consequences of online aggression. Recently, cyberbullying victimisation has been elevated as a main psychological concern among university students. Nevertheless, the moderating role of family support remained untested, particularly in a collectivist cultural context such as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This study tested the impacts of cyberbullying victimisation on mental health consequences (anxiety, stress, and depression) among KSA university students. The study further tested family support as a moderator in these relationships. Data was collected from 650 students employing a self-structured survey. The data obtained was analyzed using \u201cPartial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling\u201d (PLS-SEM). The findings revealed that cyberbullying-victimization can significantly raise students\u2019 anxiety, stress, and depressive signs, supporting its place as a critical psychological risk factor. Contrary to the \u201ctraditional stress-buffering theory\u201d, family support failed to alleviate the influence of cyberbullying-victimization on anxiety and stress, and unexpectedly, higher levels of family support were related to higher depressive levels, suggesting a reverse-buffering impact. These results highlighted the complicated relationships between family support and emotional outcomes in the context of digital threats. The study stressed the urgent need for culturally delicate mediations, such as training sessions for digital resilience, and colleague-based supportive systems to successfully deal with the mental health consequences of cybervictimization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ejihpe16010007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T12:23:44Z","timestamp":1767356624000},"page":"7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["When Support Hurts: Re-Examining the Cyberbullying Victimization\u2013Mental Health Relationship Among University Students in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7800-0428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim A.","family":"Elshaer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management, School of Business, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9380-1779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaa M. S.","family":"Azazz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Studies Department, College of Art, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8211-8621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chokri","family":"Kooli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, Faculty of Social Sciences, Social Sciences Building 120 University Private, Room 6005, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada"},{"name":"Royal Military College of Canada, Department of Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7502-4064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mansour","family":"Alyahya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management, School of Business, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2015.04.011","article-title":"Cyberbullying: Review of an old problem gone viral","volume":"57","author":"Aboujaoude","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Abubakar, A., Schachner, M., Aydnili-Karakulak, A., Alonso-Arbiol, I., Martinez-Fernandez, V., Nyongesa, M. 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