{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:16:33Z","timestamp":1792008993553,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EJIHPE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This systematic literature review synthesizes and integrates research on dysfunctional cognition (DC) in organizational settings, addressing the lack of a coherent model explaining how cognitive vulnerabilities shape work-related outcomes. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we analyzed 41 manuscripts (selected from more than 4523 initial and secondary search hits), leading to an integrative model of DC at work. Results show that DC is activated by job demands, alongside other demanding situational and contextual features. The model specifies maladaptive appraisal processes as the cognitive\u2013affective mechanism through which DC shapes (dis)engagement in the task and relational domains at work and ultimately impacts outcomes such as well-being, stress, burnout, performance, and decision quality. It further incorporates job, personal, and social resources as buffering contingencies that promote adaptive appraisal and attenuate the detrimental role of DC. By integrating insights from clinical, cognitive\u2013behavioral and organizational research, this review advances theory in three ways: (1) by emphasizing the role of appraisal as the cognitive\u2013affective mechanism linking DC to work (dis)engagement, (2) by embedding DC in the job demands\u2013resources model and identifying job demands as activating conditions and resources as regulatory factors for dysfunctional cognitive dynamics at work and (3) by differentiating between task and interpersonal (dis)engagement as domain-specific paths through which self-focused and relational schema impact work-related outcomes. The integrative DC model provides a foundation for future research using longitudinal and mixed-method designs, and for more fine-grained examinations of how specific forms of DC relate to distinct cognitive\u2013affective pathways and work-related outcomes, while offering practical implications for developing schema-informed and resource-based interventions in organizations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ejihpe16050069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T16:46:18Z","timestamp":1779381978000},"page":"69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dysfunctional Cognition and Work-Related Outcomes: A Systematic Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Scholtes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Babe\u0219-Bolyai University, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0067-6310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petru Lucian","family":"Cur\u0219eu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Babe\u0219-Bolyai University, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Organization, Open Universiteit, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7008-2238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabina Ramona","family":"Trif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Babe\u0219-Bolyai University, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"84","article-title":"A network analysis of burnout subtypes, early maladaptive schemas and schema modes","volume":"63","author":"Abeltina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Activitas Nervosa Superior Rediviva"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akutsu, S., Katsumura, F., and Yamamoto, S. 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