{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:22:55Z","timestamp":1771892575839,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]],"date-time":"2019-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fulbright Foundation","award":["Research on pollutants emission from Carbonized Refuse Derived Fuel into the environment"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research on pollutants emission from Carbonized Refuse Derived Fuel into the environment"]}]},{"name":"Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa.","award":["Project no. IOW05556 (Future Challenges in Animal Production Systems: Seeking Solutions through Focused Facilitation) sponsored by Hatch Act and State of Iowa funds"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project no. IOW05556 (Future Challenges in Animal Production Systems: Seeking Solutions through Focused Facilitation) sponsored by Hatch Act and State of Iowa funds"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Energies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biochar (BC) addition is a novel and promising method for biogas yield increase. Brewer\u2019s spent grain (BSG) is an abundant organic waste with a large potential for biogas production. In this research, for the first time, we test the feasibility of increasing biogas yield and rate from BSG digestion by adding BC, which was produced from BSG via torrefaction (low-temperature pyrolysis). Furthermore, we explore the digestion of BSG with the presence BCs produced from BSG via torrefaction (low-temperature pyrolysis). The proposed approach creates two alternative waste-to-energy and waste-to-carbon type utilization pathways for BSG: (1) digestion of BSG waste to produce biogas and (2) torrefaction of BSG to produce BC used for digestion. Torrefaction extended the short utility lifetime of BSG waste turned into BC. BSG was digested in the presence of BC with BC to BSG + BC weight ratio from 0 to 50%. The study was conducted during 21 days under mesophilic conditions in n = 3 trials. The content of dry mass 17.6% in all variants was constant. The kinetics results for pure BSG (0% BC) were: reaction rate constant (k) 1.535 d\u22121, maximum production of biogas (B0) 92.3 dm3\u2219kg\u22121d.o.m. (d.o.m. = dry organic matter), and biogas production rate (r), 103.1 dm3\u2219kg\u22121d.o.m.\u2219d\u22121. his preliminary research showed that the highest (p &lt; 0.05) r, 227 dm3\u2219kg\u22121d.o.m.\u2219d\u22121 was due to the 5% BC addition. This production rate was significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) compared with all other treatments (0, 1, 3, 8, 10, 20, 30, and 50% BC dose). Due to the high variability observed between replicates, no significant differences could be detected between all the assays amended with BC and the variant 0% BC. However, a significant decrease of B0 from 85.1 to 61.0 dm3\u2219kg\u22121d.o.m. in variants with the high biochar addition (20\u201350% BC) was observed in relation to 5% BC (122 dm3\u2219kg\u22121d.o.m.), suggesting that BC overdose inhibits biogas production from the BSG + BC mixture. The reaction rate constant (k) was not improved by BC, and the addition of 10% and 20% BC even decreased k relatively to the 0% variant. A significant decrease of k was also observed for the doses of 10%, 20%, and 30% when compared with the 5% BC (1.89 d\u22121) assays.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/en12081518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]],"date-time":"2019-04-22T11:02:53Z","timestamp":1555930973000},"page":"1518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["The Effect of Biochar Addition on the Biogas Production Kinetics from the Anaerobic Digestion of Brewers\u2019 Spent Grain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Dudek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, 37\/41 Che\u0142mo\u0144skiego Str., Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9817-6324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kacper","family":"\u015awiechowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, 37\/41 Che\u0142mo\u0144skiego Str., Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4067-8556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Manczarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Building Services, Warsaw University of Technology, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2387-0354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacek A.","family":"Koziel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5871-2129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Bia\u0142owiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, 37\/41 Che\u0142mo\u0144skiego Str., Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Camia, A., Robert, N., Jonsson, R., Pilli, R., Garc\u00eda-Condado, S., L\u00f3pez-Lozano, R., van der Velde, M., Ronzon, T., Gurr\u00eda, P., and M\u2019Barek, R. 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