{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T04:57:57Z","timestamp":1764305877192,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Energies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The issue discussed in this article concerns corporate social responsibility (CSR), which is playing an increasingly important role in the context of sustainable development of enterprises. The purpose of the current work was to assess the practices applied in the area of corporate social responsibility in water and sanitation companies, based on the opinions of employees and managers. The motivation for undertaking research on this topic resulted from the scarcity of scientific studies on the measurement of the corporate social responsibility concept in water and sanitization companies using a multidimensional approach based on the ISO 26000 standard. The study used methodological triangulation based on the use of qualitative and quantitative research methods to verify information from different sources. This approach allowed the authors to obtain the data more effectively and analyze the problem from numerous different perspectives. The study used an interview method that targeted water and sanitization utility staff. In-depth research was based on the case study method, which is particularly important when researching complex phenomena. For this purpose, surveys were carried out, the results of which indicate that corporate social responsibility of the surveyed enterprise is at a high level, and that there are statistically significant differences between individual dimensions of CSR. The results indicate that the surveyed company is oriented towards supporting activities in the area of corporate social responsibility, in accordance with the in the concept of sustainable development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/en14133981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T10:06:34Z","timestamp":1625220394000},"page":"3981","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Corporate Social Responsibility of Water and Sanitation Company in the Czech Republic\u2014Case Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Elzbieta","family":"Pawlowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Management and Logistics, Faculty of Organization and Management, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 26, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Machnik-Slomka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Management and Logistics, Faculty of Organization and Management, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 26, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1075-0174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwona","family":"Klosok-Bazan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thermal Engineering and Industrial Facilities, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Opole University of Technology, Mikolajczyka 5, 45-271 Opole, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3646-6577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miroslava","family":"Gono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB\u2014Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172\/15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1125-3305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radomir","family":"Gono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB\u2014Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172\/15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agyemang, O.S., and Ansong, A. (2017). Corporate social responsibility and firm performance of Ghanaian SMEs. J. Glob. Responsib., 8.","DOI":"10.1108\/JGR-03-2016-0007"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hale, J., and Long, S. (2020). A Time Series Sustainability Assessment of a Partial Energy Portfolio Transition. Energies, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/en14010141"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gajdzik, B., Grabowska, S., Saniuk, S., and Wieczorek, T. (2020). Sustainable Development and Industry 4.0: A Bibliometric Analysis Identifying Key Scientific Problems of the Sustainable Industry 4.0. Energies, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/en13164254"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stawiarska, E., and Sobczak, P. (2018). The Impact of Intelligent Transportation System Implementations on the Sustainable Growth of Passenger Transport in EU Regions. Sustainability, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/su10051318"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Branco, M.C., and Rodrigues, L.L. (2006). Corporate Social Responsibility and Resource-Based Perspectives. J. Bus. Ethics, 69.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-006-9071-z"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Machnik-S\u0142omka, J. (2018). Smart specialization as a factor stimulating innovative development of water and wastewater economy. E3S Web Conf., 59.","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/20185900026"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, R.-D., Zuo, J., Zhao, Z.-Y., Zillante, G., Gan, X.-L., and Soebarto, V. (2017). Evolving theories of sustainability and firms: History, future directions and implications for renewable energy research. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 72.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.01.029"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abbas, J., Mahmood, S., Ali, H., Raza, M.A., Ali, G., Aman, J., Bano, S., and Nurunnabi, M. (2019). The Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices and Environmental Factors through a Moderating Role of Social Media Marketing on Sustainable Performance of Firms\u2019 Operating in Multan, Pakistan. Sustainability, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/su11123434"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Green, T., and Peloza, J. (2011). How does corporate social responsibility create value for consumers?. J. Consum. Mark., 28.","DOI":"10.1108\/07363761111101949"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albuquerque, R., Koskinen, Y., and Zhang, C. (2019). Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Risk: Theory and Empirical Evidence. Manag. Sci., 65.","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2018.3043"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klosok-Bazan, I., and Machnik-Slomka, J. (2018, January 2\u20138). Crisis management in small water supply companies\u2014problem with water quality. Proceedings of the International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference: SGEM, Albena, Bulgaria.","DOI":"10.5593\/sgem2018\/3.1\/S12.024"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"ISO (2010). ISO 26000:2010(en), ISO. Guidance on Social Responsibility."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montiel, I. (2008). Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Sustainability. Organ. Environ., 21.","DOI":"10.1177\/1086026608321329"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwartz, B., and Tilling, K. (2009). \u2018ISO-lating\u2019 corporate social responsibility in the organizational context: A dissenting interpretation of ISO 26000. Corp. Soc. Responsib. Environ. Manag., 16.","DOI":"10.1002\/csr.211"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.2307\/257850","article-title":"A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate performance","volume":"4","author":"Carroll","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Gilmour, G., and Caplan, A. (2002). The Future of Corporate Reporting: Corporate Social Reporting\u2014Who Cares?, PricewaterhouseCoopers."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Wild, J.J., Wild, K.L., and Man, J.C.Y. (2003). International Business, Pearson Education Inc.. Featuring a dynamic cross-cultural multimedia study tool."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zu, L. (2013). ISO 26000. Encyclopedia of Corporate Social Responsibility, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28036-8_251"},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Griffin, R.W. (2013). Fundamentals of Management, Cengage Learning. Inc."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Freeman, R.E., and McVea, J. (2017). A Stakeholder Approach to Strategic Management. The Blackwell Handbook of Strategic Management, Blackwell Publishing Ltd."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monfardini, P., Zimmerli, W.C., Richter, K., and Holzinger, M. (2009). Corporate Ethics and Corporate Governance. J. Manag. Gov., 13.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10997-009-9084-y"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Hopkins, M. (2003). The Planetary Bargain: Corporate Social Responsibility Comes of Age, Macmillan Press."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foss, N.J., and Klein, P.G. (2018). Stakeholders and Corporate Social Responsibility: An Ownership Perspective. Aesthet. Style Strategy, 17\u201335.","DOI":"10.1108\/S0742-332220180000038005"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kramarz, M., Knop, L., Przybylska, E., and Dohn, K. (2021). Stakeholders of the Multimodal Freight Transport Ecosystem in Polish\u2013Czech\u2013Slovak Cross-Border Area. Energies, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/en14082242"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolniak, R., Wyszomirski, A., Olkiewicz, M., and Olkiewicz, A. (2021). Environmental Corporate Social Responsibility Activities in Heating Industry\u2014Case Study. Energies, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/en14071930"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Usman, A.B., and Amran, N.A.B. (2015). Corporate social responsibility practice and corporate financial performance: Evidence from Nigeria companies. Soc. Responsib. J., 11.","DOI":"10.1108\/SRJ-04-2014-0050"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stojanovic, A., Milosevic, I., Arsic, S., Urosevic, S., and Mihajlovic, I. (2020). Corporate Social Responsibility as a Determinant of Employee Loyalty and Business Performance. J. Compet., 12.","DOI":"10.7441\/joc.2020.02.09"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u0105bek, P., and Wolniak, R. (2016). Relationship between Management Practices and Quality of CSR Reports. Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci., 220.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2016.05.475"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u010cierna, H., and Sujov\u00e1, E. (2020). Integrating Principles of Excellence and of Socially Responsible Entrepreneurship. Manag. Syst. Prod. Eng., 28.","DOI":"10.2478\/mspe-2020-0004"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waldman, D.A., Siegel, D.S., and Javidan, M. (2006). Components of CEO Transformational Leadership and Corporate Social Responsibility. J. Manag. Stud., 43.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6486.2006.00642.x"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, J., Wei, J., and Lu, L. (2019). Strategic stakeholder management, environmental corporate social responsibility engagement, and financial performance of stigmatized firms derived from Chinese special environmental policy. Bus. Strateg. Environ., 28.","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.2299"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"125","article-title":"Does Good Governance Make the Companies More Socially Responsible?","volume":"8","author":"Akhter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Bus. Technopreneurship"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, X., Dluho\u0161ov\u00e1, D., and Zme\u0161kal, Z. (2021). Corporate Social Responsibility and Profitability: The Moderating Role of Firm Type in Chinese Appliance Listed Companies. Energies, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/en14010227"},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Klosok-Bazan, I., and Machnik-Slomka, J. (July, January 29). Determinants of geothermal water deironing technology commercialization. Proceedings of the International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM, Albena, Bulgaria."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Beurden, P., and G\u00f6ssling, T. (2008). The Worth of Values\u2014A Literature Review on the Relation Between Corporate Social and Financial Performance. J. Bus. Ethics, 82.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-008-9894-x"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bija\u0144ska, J., and Wodarski, K. (2020). Model of Process Management System in Enterprises of the Hard Coal Mining Industry. Manag. Syst. Prod. Eng., 28.","DOI":"10.2478\/mspe-2020-0017"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balzarova, M.A., and Castka, P. (2012). Stakeholders\u2019 Influence and Contribution to Social Standards Development: The Case of Multiple Stakeholder Approach to ISO 26000 Development. J. Bus. Ethics, 111.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-012-1206-9"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pawlowska, E. (2018, January 8). Social Capital and the Efficiency of Public Organizations. Proceedings of the 5th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Science and Art SGEM 2018, Business and Management, Sofia, Bulgaria.","DOI":"10.5593\/sgemsocial2018\/1.5\/S05.111"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El Akremi, A., Gond, J.-P., Swaen, V., De Roeck, K., and Igalens, J. (2018). How Do Employees Perceive Corporate Responsibility? Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Corporate Stakeholder Responsibility Scale. J. Manag., 44.","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206315569311"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walsh, J. (2003). Social Issues and Management: Our Lost Cause Found. J. Manag., 29.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2063(03)00082-5"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, J., and Jiuhua Zhu, C. (2011). Effects of socially responsible human resource management on employee organizational commitment. Int. J. Hum. Resour. Manag., 22.","DOI":"10.1080\/09585192.2011.599951"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u0105bek, P., and Paw\u0142owska, E. (2009). Spo\u0142eczna odpowiedzialno\u015b\u0107 organizacji a kompetencje mened\u017cer\u00f3w. Przegl\u0105d Organ.","DOI":"10.33141\/po.2009.02.04"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brammer, S., Millington, A., and Rayton, B. (2007). The contribution of corporate social responsibility to organizational commitment. Int. J. Hum. Resour. Manag., 18.","DOI":"10.1080\/09585190701570866"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"59","article-title":"Innovations in industrial water preparation in a metallurgical plant","volume":"55","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metalurgija"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u0105bek, P., and Wolniak, R. (2015). Factors Influencing the Development of CSR Reporting Practices: Experts\u2019 versus Preparers\u2019 Points of View. Eng. Econ., 26.","DOI":"10.5755\/j01.ee.26.5.7690"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, Z., Song, X., Makhdoom, Z.H., and Xie, P. (2019). Paradox strategic cognition and ECSR in China: A three-tripod perspective. Asia Pac. Bus. Rev., 25.","DOI":"10.1080\/13602381.2019.1590054"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Bartkowiak, G. (2011). Spo\u0142eczna Odpowiedzialno\u015b\u0107 Biznesu w Aspekcie Teoretycznym i Empirycznym, Difin."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Czakon, W. (2016). Fundamentals of Research Methodology in Management Science (Podstawy Metodologii Bada\u0144 w Naukach o Zarz\u0105dzaniu), Wydawnictwa Nieoczywiste. (In Polish)."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ticha, A., Kocourkova, G., Hrabincova, D. (2018, January 2\u20138). Water supply, sewerage and water price in the Czech Republic. Proceedings of the 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018, Ecology, Economics, Education and Legislation, Albena, Bulgaria.","DOI":"10.5593\/sgem2018\/5.3\/S28.128"},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Hollweck, T., and Yin, R.K. (2016). Case Study Research Design and Methods (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 282 pages. Can. J. Progr. Eval."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, C.-H., Wu, M.-W., Chen, T.-H., and Fang, H. (2016). To engage or not to engage in corporate social responsibility: Empirical evidence from global banking sector. Econ. Model., 55.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econmod.2016.02.007"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u0105bek, P. (2017). CSR Reporting Practices in Visegrad Group Countries and the Quality of Disclosure. Sustainability, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/su9122322"},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Sagan, A. (2003). Reliability analysis of satisfaction and loyalty scales (Analiza rzetelno\u015bci skal satysfakcji i lojalno\u015bci). StatSoft Pol., 39\u201352. Available online: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Adam-Sagan\/publication\/268330390_ANALIZA_RZETELNOSCI_SKAL_SATYSFAKCJI_I_LOJALNOSCI\/links\/55ccce8108aebd6b88e05864\/ANALIZA-RZETELNOSCI-SKAL-SATYSFAKCJI-I-LOJALNOSCI.pdf."}],"container-title":["Energies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1073\/14\/13\/3981\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:25:10Z","timestamp":1760163910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1073\/14\/13\/3981"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["en14133981"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/en14133981","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1073"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1996-1073"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]]}}}