{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T05:00:20Z","timestamp":1774501220173,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Energies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of the study is to draw attention to the fact that reducing methane and nitrous oxide emissions as a result of traditional manure storage for several months in a pile is not only a non-ecological solution, but also unprofitable. A solution that combines both aspects\u2014environmental and financial\u2014is the use of manure as a substrate for a biogas plant, but immediately\u2014directly after its removal from the dairy barn. As part of the case study, the energy and economic balance of a model farm with dairy farming for the scenario without biogas plant and with a biogas plant using manure as the main substrate in methane fermentation processes was also performed. Research data on the average emission of ammonia and nitrous oxide from 1 Mg of stored manure as well as the results of laboratory tests on the yield of biogas from dairy cows manure were obtained on the basis of samples taken from the farm being a case study. The use of a biogas installation would allow the emission of carbon dioxide equivalent to be reduced by up to 100 Mg per year. In addition, it has been shown that the estimated payback period for biogas installations is less than 5 years, and with the current trend of increasing energy prices, it may be even shorter\u2014up to 4 years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/en15020413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T01:15:26Z","timestamp":1641518126000},"page":"413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Energy and Economic Balance between Manure Stored and Used as a Substrate for Biogas Production"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7560-4779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Mazurkiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecotechnologies Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-627 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2007.07.012","article-title":"Global patterns of socioeconomic biomass flows in the year 2000: A comprehensive assessment of supply, consumption and constraints","volume":"65","author":"Krausmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Twine, R. (2021). Emissions from Animal Agriculture\u201416.5%. Is the New Minimum Figure. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13116276"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Gerber, J.P., Steinfeld, H., Henderson, B., Mottet, A., Opio, C., Dijkman, J., Falcucci, A., and Tempio, G. (2021, October 14). Tackling Climate Change through Livestock: A Global Assessment of Emissions and Mitigation Opportunities. Rome: FAO. 10. Available online: http:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/a-i3437e.pdf."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"FAO (2021, October 14). The Future of Food and Agriculture\u2014Alternative Pathways to 2050. Rome. 224. Available online: https:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/I8429EN\/i8429en.pdf."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1093\/af\/vfy034","article-title":"Livestock and climate change: Impact of livestock on climate and mitigation strategies","volume":"9","author":"Grossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim. Front."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Little, S.M., Benchaar, C., Janzen, H.H., Kr\u00f6bel, R., McGeough, E.J., and Beauchemin, K.A. (2017). Demonstrating the Effect of Forage Source on the Carbon Footprint of a Canadian Dairy Farm Using Whole-Systems Analysis and the Holos Model: Alfalfa Silage vs. Corn Silage. Climate, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/cli5040087"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idairyj.2012.09.010","article-title":"Regional analysis of greenhousegas emissions from USA dairy farms: A cradle to farm-gate assessment of the American dairy industrycirca 2008","volume":"31","author":"Thoma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Dairy J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C., Amon, B., Schulz, K., and Mehdi, B. (2021). Factors That Influence Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Agricultural Soils as Well as Their Representation in Simulation Models: A Review. Agronomy, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy11040770"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"(2021, October 14). ME 2020. Ministry for the Environment. 2020. Measuring Emissions: A Guide for Organisations: 2020 Detailed Guide. Welling-ton: Ministry for the Environment, Available online: https:\/\/environment.govt.nz\/publications\/measuring-emissions-detailed-guide-2020\/."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"(2021, October 14). NIR 2021. Poland. 2021 National Inventory Report. Available online: https:\/\/unfccc.int\/documents\/274762."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Stocker, T.F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.K., Tignor, M., Allen, S.K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P.M. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, Cambridge University Press. Available online: https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/pdf\/assessment-report\/ar5\/wg1\/WGIAR5_SPM_brochure_en.pdf."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10663","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1504124112","article-title":"An inhibitor persistently decreased enteric methane emission from dairy cows with no negative effect on milk production","volume":"112","author":"Hristov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.05.009","article-title":"Feces composition and manure derived methane yield from dairy cows: Influence of diet with focus on fat supplement and roughage type","volume":"94","author":"Moset","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-1987(01)00180-5","article-title":"Soil management concepts and carbon sequestration in cropland soils","volume":"61","author":"Follett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sommer, S.G., Christensen, M.L., Schmidt, T., and Jensen, L.S. (2013). Gaseous Emissions of Ammonia and Malodorous Gases. Animal Manure Recycling, John Wiley & Sons.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118676677.ch8"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-3119(17)61902-6","article-title":"A major pathway for carbon and nitrogen losses\u2014Gas emissions during storage of solid pig manure in China","volume":"18","author":"Nan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Integr. Agric."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731113000736","article-title":"Manure management for greenhouse gas mitigation","volume":"7","author":"Petersen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"GUS (2021, October 14). Characteristics of Agricultural Holdings in 2016. GUS, Warsaw, Available online: https:\/\/stat.gov.pl\/files\/gfx\/portalinformacyjny\/pl\/defaultaktualnosci\/5507\/5\/5\/1\/charakterystyka_gospodarstw_rolnych_2016.pdf."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2005.08.020","article-title":"Monitoring GHG from manure stores on organic and conventional dairy farms","volume":"112","author":"Sneath","year":"2006","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2021.111472","article-title":"Effects of swine manure storage time on solid-liquid separation and biogas production: A life-cycle assessment approach","volume":"150","author":"Hollas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2010.01.007","article-title":"Estimation of nitrous oxide emissions from ecosystems and its mitigation technologies","volume":"136","author":"Saggar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Agri. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramin, M., Chagas, J.C., Smidt, H., Exposito, R.G., and Krizsan, S.J. (2021). Enteric and Fecal Methane Emissions from Dairy Cows Fed Grass or Corn Silage Diets Supplemented with Rapeseed Oil. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11051322"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.127156","article-title":"Life cycle environmental impacts of compressed biogas production through anaerobic digestion of manure and municipal organic waste","volume":"306","author":"Cardellini","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1023\/B:FRES.0000029678.25083.fa","article-title":"Algorithms for calculating methane and nitrous oxide emission from manure management","volume":"69","author":"Sommer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"99","article-title":"Potential of biogas production from animal manure in Poland","volume":"45","author":"Dach","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477-019-0548-z","article-title":"The prevalence, evolution and chromatin signatures of plant regulatory elements","volume":"5","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Plants"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.12911\/22998993\/119528","article-title":"New trends in substrates and biogas systems in Poland","volume":"21","author":"Marks","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1002\/jpln.201400544","article-title":"Effects of biogas and raw slurries on grass growth and soil microbial indices","volume":"179","author":"Wentzel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s11368-015-1254-8","article-title":"Effects of biogas slurry application on peanut yield, soil nutrients, carbon storage, and microbial activity in an Ultisol soil in southern China","volume":"16","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Soils Sediments"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Hua, Y., and Deng, L. (2016). Nutrient Status and Contamination Risks from Digested Pig Slurry Applied on a Vegetable Crops Field. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13040406"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2012.01.017","article-title":"Residues from renewable energy production: Their value for fertilizing pastures","volume":"39","author":"Bougnom","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"375","article-title":"Integrated use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, biogas slurry and chemical nitrogen for sustainable production of maize under salt-affected conditions","volume":"46","author":"Ahmad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pak. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.01.052","article-title":"The fate of antagonistic microorganisms and antimicrobial substances during anaerobic digestion of pig and dairy manure","volume":"136","author":"Cao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2011.04.009","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance gene spread due to manure application on agricultural fields","volume":"14","author":"Heuer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2018.06.090","article-title":"The energy value and economic efficiency of solid biofuels produced from digestate and sawdust","volume":"159","author":"Bartnikowska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"(2021, October 14). EC 2020. CAP Strategic Plans European Commission. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/info\/food-farming-fisheries\/key-policies\/common-agricultural-policy\/cap-strategic-plans_en."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s10705-004-2212-9","article-title":"A farm level approach to define successful mitigation strategies for GHG emissions from ruminant livestock systems","volume":"71","author":"Schils","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8039","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-19618","article-title":"Greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen efficiency of dairy cows of divergent economic breeding index under seasonal pasture-based management","volume":"104","author":"Lahart","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3390","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2790","article-title":"The influence of strain of Holstein-Friesian cow and feeding system on greenhouse gas emissions from pastoral dairy farms","volume":"93","author":"Shalloo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Bojarski, W., Czeka\u0142a, W., Mazurkiewicz, J., and Dach, J. (2021, January 6\u20138). The impact of a biogas investment on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in a farm. Proceedings of the 7th Scientific and Technical Conference New Directions of Research in Environmental Engineering, Energy, Geodesy and Forestry, Zwierzyniec, Poland."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"IPCC (2021, October 14). 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Available online: https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/2006-ipcc-guidelines-for-national-greenhouse-gas-inventories\/."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"(2021, October 14). IPCC (2019). Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Available online: https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/2019-refinement-to-the-2006-ipcc-guidelines-for-national-greenhouse-gas-inventories\/."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Walczak, J. (2012). Assessment of livestock population and its animal waste management systems in Poland in 2010\u20132011 based on database of the National research Institute of Animal Production for the purpose of GHG and other pollutants inventories. Inst. Zootech. Cracow Poland, unpublished work."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Walczak, J. (2006). Elaboration of activity data and GHG emission factors in Polish agriculture. Inst. Zootech. Cracow Poland, unpublished work."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"(2021, October 14). TE 2021. EU Carbon Permits. Available online: https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/commodity\/carbon."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"(2021, October 14). PSE 2021. Polish Power System. Available online: https:\/\/www.pse.pl\/home."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"(2021, October 14). URE 2021, Available online: https:\/\/www.ure.gov.pl\/pl\/urzad\/informacje-ogolne\/aktualnosci\/9791,W-drugim-kwartale-2021-roku-srednia-cena-sprzedazy-energii-elektrycznej-na-rynku.html."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2021, October 14). Veolia 2021. Tariff for Heat. Available online: https:\/\/energiadlapoznania.pl\/strefa-klienta\/taryfy\/taryfa-dla-ciepla\/.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1365-6937(21)00108-8"},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"DIN (2012). German Standard Methods for the Examination of Water, Waste Water and Sludge; Sludge and Sediments (Group S); Determination of the Amenability to Anaerobic Digestion (S 8) (Standard No. DIN 38 414\/S8)."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"VDI (2016). VDI 4630. Fermentation of Organic Materials. Characterization of the Substrate, Sampling, Collection of Material Data, Fermentation Tests, Verein Deutscher Ingenieure e.V."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"(2021, October 14). VDLUFA. Available online: https:\/\/www.vdlufa.de\/de\/."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"(2021, October 14). KTBL. Available online: https:\/\/www.ktbl.de\/."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2016.06.070","article-title":"Methane fermentation of the maize straw silage under meso- and thermophilic conditions","volume":"115","author":"Dach","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pochwatka, P., Kowalczyk-Ju\u015bko, A., So\u0142owiej, P., Wawrzyniak, A., and Dach, J. (2020). Biogas Plant Exploitation in a Middle-Sized Dairy Farm in Poland: Energetic and Economic Aspects. Energies, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/en13226058"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141042","article-title":"The biomethanation of cow manure in a continuous anaerobic digester can be boosted via a bioaugmentation culture containing Bathyarchaeota","volume":"745","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147513","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2147513","article-title":"Co-Digestion of Sugar Beet Silage Increases Biogas Yield from Fibrous Substrates","volume":"2016","author":"Ahmed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2014.02.013","article-title":"Energetic efficiency analysis of the agricultural biogas plant in 250 kWe experimental installation","volume":"69","author":"Dach","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kory\u015b, K.A., Latawiec, A.E., Grotkiewicz, K., and Kubo\u0144, M. (2019). The Review of Biomass Potential for Agricultural Biogas Production in Poland. Sustainability, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/su11226515"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mazurkiewicz, J., Marczuk, A., Pochwatka, P., and Kujawa, S. (2019). Maize Straw as a Valuable Energetic Material for Biogas Plant Feeding. Materials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12233848"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4008","DOI":"10.1051\/matecconf\/20166004008","article-title":"Energy and economic potential of maize straw used for biofuels production","volume":"Volume 60","author":"Zbytek","year":"2016","journal-title":"MATEC Web of Conferences"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sieborg, M.U., J\u00f8nson, B.D., Larsen, S.U., Vazifehkhoran, A.H., and Triolo, J.M. (2020). Co-Ensiling of Wheat Straw as an Alternative Pre-Treatment to Chemical, Hydrothermal and Mechanical Methods for Methane Production. Energies, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/en13164047"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dach, J., Mazurkiewicz, J., Janczak, D., Pulka, J., Pochwatka, P., and Kowalczyk-Jusko, A. (2020, January 7\u20139). Cow Manure Anaerobic Digestion or Composting\u2014Energetic and Economic Analysis. Proceedings of the 2020 4th International Conference on Green Energy and Applications, ICGEA 2020, Singapore.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICGEA49367.2020.239708"},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"(2021, October 14). Euronews 2021. Available online: https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/2021\/10\/04\/europe-divided-over-response-to-soaring-unbearable-energy-prices."},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"(2021, October 14). KOBiZE 2021. Available online: https:\/\/www.kobize.pl\/uploads\/materialy\/materialy_do_pobrania\/raport_co2\/2021\/KOBiZE_Analiza%20rynku%20CO2_kwiecie%C5%84_2021.pdf."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u00edaz-V\u00e1zquez, D., Alvarado-Cummings, S.C., Meza-Rodr\u00edguez, D., Sen\u00e9s-Guerrero, C., de Anda, J., and Gradilla-Hern\u00e1ndez, M.S. (2020). Evaluation of biogas potential from livestock manures and multicriteria site selection for centralized anaerobic digester systems: The case of Jalisco, Mexico. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12093527"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2019.109566","article-title":"Rambling facets of manure-based biogas production in Europe: A briefing","volume":"119","author":"Achinas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2017.11.026","article-title":"Evaluation of biogas potential from livestock manures and rural wastes using GIS in Iran","volume":"118","author":"Zareei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosseini Taleghani, A., Lim, T.-T., Lin, C.-H., Ericsson, A.C., and Vo, P.H. (2020). Degradation of Veterinary Antibiotics in Swine Manure via Anaerobic Digestion. Bioengineering, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering7040123"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6675","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13272","article-title":"Modeling greenhouse gas emissions from dairy farms","volume":"101","author":"Rotz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.26895","article-title":"Whole-farm greenhouse gas emissions: A review with application to a Pennsylvania dairy farm","volume":"25","author":"Chianese","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Eng. Agric."},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"(2021, October 14). ICAR 2020. Section 20\u2014Recording Dairy Cattle Methane Emission for Genetic Evaluation. Available online: https:\/\/www.icar.org\/Guidelines\/20-Recording-Dairy-Cattle-Methane-Emission-for-Genetic-Evaluation.pdf."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2012.04.001","article-title":"N and C transformations in stored cattle farmyard manure, including direct estimates of N2 emission","volume":"63","author":"Moral","year":"2012","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2004.10.012","article-title":"Emissions of ammonia, nitrous oxide and methane from cattle manure heaps: Effect of compaction and covering","volume":"39","author":"Chadwick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012649028772","article-title":"Emissions of NH3, N2O and CH4 from dairy cows housed in a farmyard manure tying stall (housing, manure storage, manure spreading)","volume":"60","author":"Amon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst."},{"key":"ref_75","unstructured":"Amon, B., Boxberger, J., Amon, T.H., Zaussinger, A., and Pollinger, A. (1997). Emission data of NH3, CH4 and N2O from fattening bulls, milking cows, and during different ways of storing solid manure. Ammonia and Odour Control from Animal Production Facilities, Elsevier."}],"container-title":["Energies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1073\/15\/2\/413\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:36:35Z","timestamp":1760362595000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1073\/15\/2\/413"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["en15020413"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/en15020413","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1073"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1073","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]]}}}