{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T07:53:36Z","timestamp":1769068416537,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]],"date-time":"2022-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Agriculture in Krakow"},{"name":"Warsaw University of Life Sciences"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Energies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The last three years have been a period of many challenges related to the dynamically changing conditions of the economic environment. Among these many changes, some of the most important for the further functioning of private and public entities are those related to the instability of the energy market. Rapidly rising energy prices increase the costs of implementing public tasks. They also greatly increase the search for innovative, energy-saving and environmentally friendly ways of performing municipal tasks. The main aim of the article is to present the concept of a smart village as an instrument for the implementation of public tasks in rural areas. The theoretical basis of the smart village concept is the basic point of reference. The implementation of the assumptions of the smart village concept in Poland gives municipalities the possibility of an innovative approach to the implementation of local public services. In addition, examples of good practices implemented by rural local communities that can act as models for other groups of residents are also included. It was essential, from the point of view of measurable effects, to identify potential limitations and hazards in the implementation of the smart village concept, which may be identified in the outermost regions. Analysis and critical literature review were used to achieve the article\u2019s goals. These methods are characteristic for review publications. At the beginning, we presented the theoretical foundations of the smart village concept. Secondly, we indicated how the smart village concept contributes to the improvement in public service delivery in rural areas. The authors demonstrated that there is no universal model for each unit. A smart village will implement solutions tailored to economic, social, cultural, and natural conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/en15145175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]],"date-time":"2022-07-17T21:00:28Z","timestamp":1658091628000},"page":"5175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["The Concept of a Smart Village as an Innovative Way of Implementing Public Tasks in the Era of Instability on the Energy Market\u2014Examples from Poland"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6714-4568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Sato\u0142a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management and Economics of Enterprises, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4776-6049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Milewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Economics and Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences\u2014SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"Ekonomiczno-prawne uwarunkowania gospodarki niskoemisyjnej w samorz\u0105dach terytorialnych\u2013wybrane aspekty (Economic and legal determinants of low-emission economy in local governments: Selected aspects)","volume":"254","author":"Milewska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Studia Iurid."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"ENRD (2021, October 10). EU Action for Smart Villages. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/info\/sites\/default\/files\/food-farming-fisheries\/key_policies\/documents\/rur-dev-small-villages_en.pdf."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller-Seitz, G., Seiter, M., and Wenz, P. (2016). Was Ist Eine Smart City?, Springer Fachmedien.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-658-12642-1"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"211","article-title":"Smart city in the era of the fourth industrial revolution","volume":"2020","author":"Kauf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zesz. Naukowe. Organ. I Zarz\u0105dzanie Politech. \u015al\u0105ska"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"395","article-title":"Study and development of village as a smart village","volume":"7","author":"Somwanshi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.2478\/euco-2019-0036","article-title":"Smart village and sustainability. Southern Moravia case study","volume":"11","author":"Vaishar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Countrys."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"151","article-title":"Introducing the smart villages concept","volume":"2","author":"Holmes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Green Growth Dev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2012.09.057","article-title":"Drivers and barriers to rural electrification in Tanzania and Mozambique\u2013Grid-extension, off-grid, and renewable energy technologies","volume":"61","author":"Ahlborg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2017.06.106","article-title":"Customer domain supply and load coordination: A case for smart villages and transactive control in rural off-grid microgrids","volume":"135","author":"Prinsloo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Smart Villages (2018). Revitalising rural services. EU Rural Rev., 26, 8."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mishbah, M., Purwandari, B., and Sensuse, D.I. (2018, January 22\u201326). Systematic review and meta-analysis of proposed smart village conceptual model: Objectives, strategies, dimensions, and foundations. Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Information Technology Systems and Innovation (ICITSI), Bandung, Indonesia.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICITSI.2018.8696029"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santhiyakumari, N., Shenbagapriya, M., and Hemalatha, R. (2016, January 21\u201323). A novel approach in information and communication technology combined with traditional practices for smart villages. Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Region 10 Humanitarian Technology Conference (R10-HTC), Agra, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/R10-HTC.2016.7906843"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1108\/JSTPM-02-2018-0020","article-title":"Rescaling and refocusing smart cities research: From mega cities to smart villages","volume":"9","author":"Visvizi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sci. Technol. Policy Manag."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"20","article-title":"The Smart City and its citizens: Governance and citizen participation in Amsterdam Smart City","volume":"5","author":"Capra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. E-Plan. Res. IJEPR"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"04015005","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000282","article-title":"Smart city concept: What it is and what it should be","volume":"142","author":"Zubizarreta","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Urban Plan. Dev."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Manville, C., Cochrane, G., Cave, J., Millard, J., Pederson, J.K., Thaarup, R.K., Liebe, A., Wissner, M., Massink, R., and Kotterink, B. (2014). Mapping Smart Cities in the EU, Study, Directorate General for Internal Policies, Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy, European Parliament."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2006.00621.x","article-title":"Defining interdisciplinary research: Conclusions from a critical review of the literature","volume":"42","author":"Aboelela","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stojanova, S., Lentini, G., Niederer, P., Egger, T., Cvar, N., Kos, A., and Duh, E.S. (2021). Smart villages policies: Past, present and future. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13041663"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-4505-6-7","article-title":"Asking the right questions: Scoping studies in the commissioning of research on the organisation and delivery of health services","volume":"6","author":"Anderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Res. Policy Syst."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"13","article-title":"Energy for development\u2013the concept","volume":"13","author":"Holmes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Smart Villages New Think. Off-Grid Communities Worldw."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esd.2018.01.005","article-title":"Achieving universal energy access and rural development through smart villages","volume":"43","author":"Holzeis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy Sustain. Dev."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zavratnik, V., Kos, A., and Stojmenova Duh, E. (2018). Smart villages: Comprehensive review of initiatives and practices. Sustainability, 10.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201807.0115.v1"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Komorowski, \u0141., and Stanny, M. (2020). Smart villages: Where can they happen?. Land, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/land9050151"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1111\/soru.12089","article-title":"Empowering Local Action through Neo-Endogenous Development; The Case of LEADER in England","volume":"56","author":"Bosworth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sociol. Rural."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrurstud.2019.03.003","article-title":"Why some rural areas decline while some others not: An overview of rural evolution in the world","volume":"68","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Rural Stud."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"153","article-title":"Demographic change beyond the urban-rural divide: Re-framing spatial differentiation in the context of migration flows and social networks","volume":"143","author":"Huning","year":"2012","journal-title":"DIE ERDE\u2013J. Geogr. Soc. Berl."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2004.03.003","article-title":"Lead markets: Country-specific drivers of the global diffusion of innovations","volume":"33","author":"Beise","year":"2004","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1108\/14601060510594701","article-title":"DiffuNET: The impact of network structure on diffusion of innovation","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Innov. Manag."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"163","article-title":"Polska wie\u015b wobec wyzwa\u0144 rozwoju spo\u0142eczno-gospodarczego w XXI wieku w \u015bwietle bada\u0144 IRWiR PAN w roku 2014 i 2015","volume":"3","author":"Michalska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Village Agric."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.7896\/j.1535","article-title":"Rural innovation activities as a means for changing development perspectives\u2013An assessment of more than two decades of promoting LEADER initiatives across the European Union","volume":"118","author":"Dax","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stud. Agric. Econ."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"146","article-title":"Role of Local Action Groups in addressing regional development and social problems in Latvia","volume":"2","author":"Krievina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res. Rural Dev."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1093\/soceco\/2.1.109","article-title":"Polanyi symposium: A conversation on embeddedness","volume":"2","author":"Krippner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Socio-Econ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1086\/228311","article-title":"Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness","volume":"91","author":"Granovetter","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Sociol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.technovation.2008.03.004","article-title":"Understanding novelty creation in exploration networks\u2014Structural and relational embeddedness jointly considered","volume":"28","author":"Gilsing","year":"2008","journal-title":"Technovation"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"32","article-title":"Intelligent development of the countryside\u2013the concept of smart villages: Assumptions, possibilities and implementation limitations","volume":"11","year":"2018","journal-title":"Econ. Reg. Stud."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"77","article-title":"Clusters and the new economics of competition","volume":"76","author":"Porter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Harv. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"55","article-title":"Industry clusters and Irish indigenous manufacturing: Limits of the Porter view","volume":"31","year":"2000","journal-title":"Econ. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"92","article-title":"Smart specialisation and clusters in economic growth","volume":"324","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pr. Nauk. Uniw. Ekon. We Wroc\u0142awiu"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Derlukiewicz, N., Mempel-\u015anie\u017cyk, A., Mankowska, D., Dyjakon, A., Minta, S., and Pilawka, T. (2020). How do Clusters Foster Sustainable Development? An Analysis of EU Policies. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12041297"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.14207\/ejsd.2014.v3n3p111","article-title":"Networks and cooperation for sustainable development The role of local authorities and clusters in regional development and economic growth","volume":"3","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sustain. Dev."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1080\/13511610.2018.1491001","article-title":"Smart specialisation, innovation policy and regional innovation systems: What about new path development in less innovative regions?","volume":"32","author":"Asheim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Innov. Eur. J. Soc. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"2014","article-title":"Smart Specialisation and innovation in rural areas","volume":"9","author":"Pertoldi","year":"2014","journal-title":"S3 Policy Brief Ser."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"88","article-title":"Potential of sustainable regional development in view of smart specialisation","volume":"28","author":"Britchenko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Econ. Stud."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nam, T., and Pardo, T.A. (2011, January 12\u201315). Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions. Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Digital Government Research Conference: Digital Government Innovation in Challenging Times, College Park, MD, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/2037556.2037602"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nam, T., and Pardo, T.A. (2011, January 26\u201329). Smart city as urban innovation: Focusing on management, policy, and context. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, Tallinn, Estonia.","DOI":"10.1145\/2072069.2072100"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dameri, R.P., and Rosenthal-Sabroux, C. (2014). Smart and digital city: A systematic literature review. Smart City: How to Create Public and Economic Value with High Technology in Urban Space, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-06160-3"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranpol.2017.11.004","article-title":"Smart city as a tool for sustainable mobility and transport decarbonisation","volume":"63","author":"Zawieska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transp. Policy"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benevolo, C., Dameri, R.P., and D\u2019auria, B. (2016). Smart mobility in smart city. Empowering Organizations, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-23784-8_2"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00fclse\u00e7en, S., Gezer, M., \u00c7elik, S., and Ko\u00e7o\u011flu, F.\u00d6. (2021). Future needs from the Smart Mega City (SMC) plans\u2014smart green city\u2014the case of Istanbul. Sustainable Mega City Communities, Butterworth-Heinemann.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-818793-7.00006-8"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2015.02.004","article-title":"Sustainable\u2013smart\u2013resilient\u2013low carbon\u2013eco\u2013knowledge cities; making sense of a multitude of concepts promoting sustainable urbanization","volume":"109","author":"Joss","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"European Union (2021, October 10). Cork 2.0 Declaration \u201cA Better Life in Rural Areas\u201d. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union., Available online: https:\/\/enrd.ec.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/cork-declaration_en.pdf."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.35808\/ersj\/2136","article-title":"Sustainable Development and the Problems of Rural Poverty and Social Exclusion in the EU Countries","volume":"24","author":"Kalinowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Res. Stud. J."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0141uczak, A., and Kalinowski, S. (2020). Assessing the level of the material deprivation of European Union countries. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238376"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/00369220018737085","article-title":"New approaches to economic development in peripheral rural regions","volume":"116","author":"Bryden","year":"2000","journal-title":"Scott. Geogr. J."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrurstud.2019.01.027","article-title":"Struggles and strategies of rural regions in the age of the \u2018urban triumph\u2019","volume":"66","author":"Meijers","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Rural Stud."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1068\/a42315","article-title":"Globalization from the edge: A framework for understanding how small and medium-sized firms in the periphery \u2018go global\u2019","volume":"42","author":"Young","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Plan. A"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adamowicz, M., and Zwoli\u0144ska-Ligaj, M. (2020). The \u201cSmart Village\u201d as a way to achieve sustainable development in rural areas of Poland. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12166503"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adamowicz, M. (2021). The Potential for Innovative and Smart Rural Development in the Peripheral Regions of Eastern Poland. Agriculture, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture11030188"},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Plewa, J. (2021, November 18). Jerzy Plewa: To nie Unijne Programy Sk\u0142oni\u0142y Mieszka\u0144c\u00f3w Miast do Porzucenia Aglomeracji a Pandemia (Jerzy Plewa: It Was not the EU Programs that Prompted City Dwellers to Abandon the Agglomeration, but the Pandemic). Available online: https:\/\/agronews.com.pl\/artykul\/jerzy-plewa-to-nie-unijne-programy-sklonily-mieszkancow-miast-do-porzucenia-aglomeracji-a-pandemia\/."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Struk, M., and Bako\u0161, E. (2021). Long-Term Benefits of Intermunicipal Cooperation for Small Municipalities in Waste Management Provision. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041449"},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"3","article-title":"Zwi\u0105zki i porozumienia komunalne","volume":"10","author":"Kieres","year":"1991","journal-title":"Samorz. Teryt."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Kaczmarek, T. (2005). Territorial-Administrative Structures and Their Reforms in European Countries (Struktury Terytorialno-Administracyjne i Ich Reformy w Krajach Europejskich), Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jit.2000105","article-title":"E-government: Towards the e-bureaucratic form?","volume":"22","author":"Cordelia","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.futures.2018.11.001","article-title":"Grasping the future of the digital society","volume":"107","author":"Dufva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Futures"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2021.101776","article-title":"Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on public managers\u2019 attitudes toward digital transformation","volume":"67","author":"Barrutia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Technol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2019.106490","article-title":"Digital transformation and localizing the sustainable development goals (SDGs)","volume":"169","author":"ElMassah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"ref_67","unstructured":"Draft Digital Policy of the Capital City of Warsaw (2021, November 21). Projekt Polityki Cyfrowej Miasta Sto\u0142ecznego Warszawy. Available online: https:\/\/konsultacje.um.warszawa.pl\/sites\/konsultacje.um.warszawa.pl\/files\/polityka_cyfrowej_transformacji_warszawy_projekt_do_konsultacji_spolecznych_20200304.pdf."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s10784-016-9323-z","article-title":"Sustainable development goals and inclusive development","volume":"16","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. Environ. Agreem. Politics Law Econ."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dacko, M., P\u0142onka, A., Sato\u0142a, \u0141., and Dacko, A. (2021). Sustainable Development According to the Opinions of Polish Experts. Energies, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/en14175325"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1080\/14719037.2017.1327181","article-title":"Digital government and public management research: Finding the crossroads","volume":"20","author":"Dawes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.15584\/nsawg.2021.1.2","article-title":"Digital transformation from the perspective of local government\u2013selected issues (Transformacja cyfrowa z punktu widzenia samorz\u0105du terytorialnego\u2013wybrane zagadnienia)","volume":"65","author":"Przybylska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nier\u00f3wno\u015bci Spo\u0142eczne A Wzrost Gospod."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1108\/IJPSM-07-2019-0178","article-title":"Creating public value through smart technologies and strategies: From digital services to artificial intelligence and beyond","volume":"32","author":"Criado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Public Sect. Manag."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2020.101474","article-title":"Know-how to lead digital transformation: The case of local governments","volume":"37","author":"Pittaway","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gov. Inf. Q."},{"key":"ref_74","unstructured":"(2021, November 18). Program Rozwoju Instytucjonalnego, Baza Dobrych Praktyk Zarz\u0105dzania w Samorz\u0105dzie Terytorialnym, MSWiA, Warszawa 2004. Available online: http:\/\/pri.dobrepraktyki.pl\/index.php?akcja=pokaz&co=opisy&id_opisu=4."},{"key":"ref_75","unstructured":"Gaster, L., and Squires, A. (2003). Providing quality in the public sector. A practical Approach to Improving Public Services, Public Policy and Management, Open University Press."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1080\/14494035.2017.1323711","article-title":"Changing public service delivery: Learning in co-creation","volume":"36","author":"Voorberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Policy Soc."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.4335\/13.3.521-535(2015)","article-title":"Co-creation in Local Public Services Delivery Innovation: Slovak Experience","volume":"13","author":"Nemec","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lex Localis-J. Local Self-Gov."},{"key":"ref_78","unstructured":"Jamorska\u2013Kurek, A. (2021, November 18). Smart Wie\u015b-Piaseczna G\u00f3rka. Available online: http:\/\/smart.irwirpan.waw.pl\/pdf\/Alicja%20Jamorska-Kurek_Smart%20wie%C5%9B%20Piaseczna%20G%C3%B3rka.pdf."},{"key":"ref_79","unstructured":"Kami\u0144ski, R., and Le\u015bniak, L. (2019). Inteligentna Wie\u015b, Forum Aktywizacji Obszar\u00f3w Wiejskich. Available online: https:\/\/sandrybrdy.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Inteligentna-wie%C5%9B-publikacja-2019-rok.pdf."},{"key":"ref_80","unstructured":"(2021, November 18). Rozszerzona Rzeczywisto\u015b\u0107 Zrewolucjonizuje Nasze Dotychczasowe \u017bycie, Available online: https:\/\/www.parp.gov.pl\/component\/content\/article\/68915:rozszerzona-rzeczywistosc-zrewolucjonizuje-nasze-dotychczasowe-zycie."},{"key":"ref_81","unstructured":"(2021, November 18). Act of 14 April 2016 on Suspension of the Sale of Real Estate Owned by the Agricultural Property Stock of the State Treasury and Amending Certain Acts (Journal of Laws of 2018, item 869, as amended). Ustawa z Dnia 14 Kwietnia 2016 r. o Wstrzymaniu Sprzeda\u017cy Nieruchomo\u015bci Zasobu W\u0142asno\u015bci Rolnej Skarbu Pa\u0144stwa Oraz o Zmianie Niekt\u00f3rych Ustaw Dz. U. z 2018 r., poz. 869, z P\u00f3\u017an. zm, Available online: https:\/\/isap.sejm.gov.pl\/isap.nsf\/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20160000585."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.15290\/sia.2016.14.08","article-title":"Wp\u0142yw miejscowego planu zagospodarowania przestrzennego na prawne formy dysponowania nieruchomo\u015bciami rolnymi","volume":"14","year":"2016","journal-title":"Studia Iurid. Agrar."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.31338\/2544-3135.si.2020-87.18","article-title":"Koncepcja smart village w kontek\u015bcie zr\u00f3wnowa\u017conego rozwoju","volume":"87","author":"Niewiadomska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Studia Iurid."},{"key":"ref_84","unstructured":"(2021, November 18). To Give What Is Really Needed. Available online: https:\/\/hospicjumeliasz.pl\/."},{"key":"ref_85","unstructured":"(2020). Report on the State of the Village (Polska Wie\u015b 2020. Raport o Stanie Wsi), Fundation for the Development of Polish Agriculture."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2021.105366","article-title":"Implementation of the smart village concept based on selected spatial patterns\u2013A case study of Mazowieckie Voivodeship in Poland","volume":"104","author":"Bielska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"111","article-title":"Implementation of smart villages on the example of agroturism (Implementacja smart villages na przyk\u0142adzie agroturystyki)","volume":"24","author":"Kacprzak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zesz. Naukowe. Tur. I Rekreac."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s10708-009-9295-4","article-title":"Amenity migration: Diverse conceptualizations of drivers, socioeconomic dimensions, and emerging challenges","volume":"76","author":"Gosnell","year":"2011","journal-title":"GeoJournal"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Podg\u00f3rniak-Krzykacz, A., Przywojska, J., and Wiktorowicz, J. (2020). Smart and Age-Friendly Communities in Poland. An Analysis of Institutional and Individual Conditions for a New Concept of Smart Development of Ageing Communities. Energies, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/en13092268"}],"container-title":["Energies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1073\/15\/14\/5175\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:52:18Z","timestamp":1760140338000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1073\/15\/14\/5175"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["en15145175"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/en15145175","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1073"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1073","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]]}}}