{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T10:54:21Z","timestamp":1783162461580,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":192,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014438","name":"Business Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["45774\/31\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["45774\/31\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014438","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Steel and Metals Producers\u2019 Fund of the Technology Industries Centennial Foundation Furthermore","award":["45774\/31\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["45774\/31\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Finnish Foundation for Technology Promotion","award":["45774\/31\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["45774\/31\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Energies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biomass-based solutions have been discussed as having the potential to replace fossil-based solutions in the iron and steel industry. To produce the biocarbon required in these processes, thermochemical treatment, pyrolysis, typically takes place. There are various ways to produce biocarbon, alongside other products, which are called pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas. These conversion methods can be divided into conventional and non-conventional methods. In this paper, those techniques and technologies to produce biocarbon are summarized and reviewed. Additionally, the effect of different process parameters and their effect on biocarbon yield and properties are summarized. The process parameters considered were final pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, reaction atmosphere, pressure, catalyst, use of binders, and particle size. Finally, the effect of different reactor configurations is discussed. Understanding the combination of these methods, technology parameters, and reactor configurations will help to produce biocarbon with the desired quality and highest yield possible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/en16196936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T07:28:29Z","timestamp":1696318109000},"page":"6936","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":170,"title":["A Review of Pyrolysis Technologies and the Effect of Process Parameters on Biocarbon Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6809-0876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mika","family":"Pahnila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Process Metallurgy Research Unit, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aki","family":"Koskela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Process Metallurgy Research Unit, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petri","family":"Sulasalmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Process Metallurgy Research Unit, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0513-2315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timo","family":"Fabritius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Process Metallurgy Research Unit, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"IEA (2022, June 01). Net Zero by 2050. Available online: https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/net-zero-by-2050."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"OECD (2022, June 23). Climate Change: Meeting the Challenge to 2050. Available online: https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/env\/39762914.pdf."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2022, July 27). International Energy Agency.Global Energy Review: CO2 Emissions in 2021. Available online: https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/global-energy-review-co2-emissions-in-2021-2."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Hoffman, C., Van Hoey, M., and Zeumer, B. (2022, June 22). Decarbonization in Steel. Available online: https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/industries\/metals-and-mining\/our-insights\/decarbonization-challenge-for-steel."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"United Nations (2023, May 25). 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