{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:41:50Z","timestamp":1787028110000,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Culture and Innovation, the National Research, Development, the Innovation Fund","award":["NKP-23-4-II-PTE-2061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NKP-23-4-II-PTE-2061"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Culture and Innovation, the National Research, Development, the Innovation Fund","award":["NKFI FK-147404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NKFI FK-147404"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Culture and Innovation, the National Research, Development, the Innovation Fund","award":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00012"]}]},{"name":"National Laboratory on Human Reproduction","award":["NKP-23-4-II-PTE-2061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NKP-23-4-II-PTE-2061"]}]},{"name":"National Laboratory on Human Reproduction","award":["NKFI FK-147404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NKFI FK-147404"]}]},{"name":"National Laboratory on Human Reproduction","award":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiologia"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: To support women\u2019s informed decisions and reproductive self-care, confident reproductive health-related knowledge is needed, supported by adequate health literacy (HL). No corresponding survey has been carried out in Hungary on inequalities to provide information addressing education. Materials and Methods: In the current cross-sectional online survey, 301 women of reproductive age (27.16 \u00b1 0.36 years) were asked with the Hungarian versions of validated and standardised questionnaires about reproductive knowledge on hormones, ovulation, menstrual cycle, pregnancy signs and birth control (Knowledge of Female Body Scale\u2014KFB), and HL (Brief Health Literacy Screening Tool\u2014BRIEF). Spearman correlation and multivariable linear regression analyses were utilised, with a significance level set at p &lt; 0.05. IBM SPSS version 28.0 (IBM SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA: IBM Corp.) and G*Power (version 3.1.9.7; Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany) software. The STROBE checklist was followed. The Clinical Trial Registry Nr. is NCT06146673. Results: The KFB composite score was high (20.01 \u00b1 2.33); 86.374% had \u201chigh knowledge\u201d. Still, lacking information was identified for the mechanisms of certain contraceptive methods and early physical signs of pregnancy. A significant difference was also found in the KFB scores in the case of higher age (p = 0.019), higher education level (p = 0.018) and previous live birth (p = 0.028). A positive correlation was found between KFB and HL (p &lt; 0.001), education (p = 0.005), and age (p = 0.021). A multiple regression analysis (R2 = 0.087, p &lt; 0.001) indicated that both HL (p &lt; 0.001) and age (p = 0.003) are potential positive predictors of adequate reproductive knowledge, whereas induced abortion (p = 0.013) might serve as an inverse predictor. Conclusions: Inequalities in women\u2019s knowledge about their reproductive system and HL were found, and it was significantly the lowest in their highest conception probability age. Therefore, in addition to targeted education, HL also needs improvement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/epidemiologia5040044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T11:40:27Z","timestamp":1727350827000},"page":"627-642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Socio-Economic and Health Literacy Inequalities as Determinants of Women\u2019s Knowledge about Their Reproductive System: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4059-104X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vikt\u00f3ria","family":"Pr\u00e9musz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of P\u00e9cs, 7621 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Scientific Research Group, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of P\u00e9cs, 7622 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of P\u00e9cs, 7621 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K\u00e1lm\u00e1n Andr\u00e1s","family":"Kov\u00e1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Scientific Research Group, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of P\u00e9cs, 7622 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of P\u00e9cs, 7621 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eszter","family":"Skriba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of P\u00e9cs, 7621 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zolt\u00e1n","family":"T\u00e1ndor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of P\u00e9cs, 7621 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"Szmatona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of P\u00e9cs, 7621 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6433-1237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ol\u00edvia","family":"D\u00f3zsa-Juh\u00e1sz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of P\u00e9cs, 7621 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Rees, P. 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