{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T16:59:15Z","timestamp":1765213155267,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiologia"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: premature birth is a significant public health problem, especially in developing countries such as Brazil. Premature newborns require special care from birth, often requiring prolonged hospitalization and continuous monitoring by various specialists after discharge. Infant Mortality among children under five years of age in Brazil is alarming, with prematurity being the main cause of death in this age group. Objectives: we aim to analyze the prevalence and temporal trend of premature live births in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, in the period 2000\u20132023. Methods: this is an Ecological, Time-Series Study with secondary data on premature live births in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, from 2000 to 2023. The variables in this study are aggregated measures by year. The Annual Percentage Change and the Average Annual Percentage Change in the percentage of premature live births were estimated by Joinpoint regression. Results: the percentage of premature live births in the period 2000 to 2023 was 9.71%. The average annual percentage change showed an increase of 2.30% per year. In the 2010 to 2013 segment, there was an increase of 12.58% per year (p \u2264 0.05), with subsequent stability in the 2013 to 2016 segment (p \u2265 0.05). The largest annual increases occurred in the number of 4 to 6 prenatal consultations and cesarean sections, with an annual percentage change of 4.51% per year and 2.68% per year, respectively. In the birth weight category equal to or greater than 2500 g, there was an increase in premature live births of 2.50% per year. All categories of the variables sex, type of pregnancy, and type of delivery increased in the period 2000\u20132023 (p \u2264 0.05). Conclusions: given the increase in the prematurity rate in the period 2000\u20132023, a long-term growing trend is expected in the largest and most developed state in Brazil.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/epidemiologia6040089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T16:41:41Z","timestamp":1765212101000},"page":"89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Increasing Prevalence and Temporal Trend of Prematurity, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, 2000\u20132023"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1634-3956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana Gon\u00e7alves de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Centro Universit\u00e1rio FMABC, Santo Andr\u00e9 09060-650, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Batista Francalino da","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Centro Universit\u00e1rio FMABC, Santo Andr\u00e9 09060-650, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5859-337X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edige Felipe de Sousa","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Ensino, Pesquisa e Tecnologias em Sa\u00fade da Sociedade Brasileira Caminho de Damasco, S\u00e3o Paulo 04581-060, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9966-8072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Macedo Jr.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Centro Universit\u00e1rio FMABC, Santo Andr\u00e9 09060-650, Brazil"},{"name":"Medical Residency Program in Family and Community Medicine, Centro Universit\u00e1rio FMABC, Santo Andr\u00e9 09060-650, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orivaldo Florencio de","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco 69915-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7618-2109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Carlos de","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo, Vit\u00f3ria 29040-090, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rubens","family":"Wajnsztejn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Centro Universit\u00e1rio FMABC, Santo Andr\u00e9 09060-650, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-5497201700050005","article-title":"Principais causas da mortalidade na inf\u00e2ncia no Brasil, em 1990 e 2015: Estimativas do estudo de Carga Global de Doen\u00e7a","volume":"20","author":"Lansky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. 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