{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:52:05Z","timestamp":1790117525405,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Sciences, Humanities, Technology and Innovation","award":["319483"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["319483"]}]},{"award":["319483"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["319483"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/059ex5q34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiologia"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Excess weight and dyslipidemia are health conditions growing worldwide in children, including indigenous populations. The concern is their related comorbidities, which could appear at an early age. Given limited information on Seri children, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of excess weight and dyslipidemia, and to identify factors associated with BMI-for-age Z-score and dyslipidemia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among Seri children aged 3\u201311 years. For prevalence analysis, the BMI-for-age Z-score was calculated as an indicator of excess weight. Dyslipidemia was assessed only in school-age children. Information was collected on potential associated variables, including maternal nutritional status, children\u2019s sleep behaviors, physical activity, diet, and cardiovascular health, as well as household characteristics such as the modernity index and food insecurity. Results: A total of 154 Seri children were evaluated. Among preschoolers, 18.8% were classified at risk of overweight. In school-age children, the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 32.8%. Maternal BMI and weight, the modernity index, and being a boy were positively associated with the BMI-for-age Z-score, whereas having food insecurity, cardiovascular health score, and sleep time were negatively associated. Dyslipidemia prevalence was 46.1% among school-age Seri children. Having dyslipidemia was positively associated with maternal BMI, percentage of energy intake from ultra-processed products, paternal occupation as a merchant, and child age, and negatively associated with the number of remunerative maternal economic activities. Conclusions: These findings provide evidence on the prevalence of excess weight and dyslipidemia and their associated factors among Seri children and may inform future research and health strategies in Seri and other vulnerable populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/epidemiologia7030084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T10:19:53Z","timestamp":1781691593000},"page":"84","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Excess Weight and Dyslipidemia in Seri (Comc\u00e1ac) Indigenous Children: A Cross-Sectional Study of Prevalences and Associated Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Yazm\u00edn","family":"Hugues Ayala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obesity and Diabetes Research Unit, Nutrition Coordination, Research Center in Food and Development (CIAD), Gustavo Enrique Astiazar\u00e1n Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda A.","family":"Leal-Serna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obesity and Diabetes Research Unit, Nutrition Coordination, Research Center in Food and Development (CIAD), Gustavo Enrique Astiazar\u00e1n Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yamili","family":"Rojo-Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obesity and Diabetes Research Unit, Nutrition Coordination, Research Center in Food and Development (CIAD), Gustavo Enrique Astiazar\u00e1n Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Moreno-Abril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obesity and Diabetes Research Unit, Nutrition Coordination, Research Center in Food and Development (CIAD), Gustavo Enrique Astiazar\u00e1n Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1909-0627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana C.","family":"Gallegos-Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obesity and Diabetes Research Unit, Nutrition Coordination, Research Center in Food and Development (CIAD), Gustavo Enrique Astiazar\u00e1n Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1582-2475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heliodoro","family":"Alem\u00e1n-Mateo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obesity and Diabetes Research Unit, Nutrition Coordination, Research Center in Food and Development (CIAD), Gustavo Enrique Astiazar\u00e1n Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7783-0094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia Y.","family":"Moya-Camarena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Nutrition Coordination, Research Center in Food and Development (CIAD), Gustavo Enrique Astiazar\u00e1n Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Araceli","family":"Serna-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sociocultural Department, Sonora Institute of Technology, Cd. Obregon 85137, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karely","family":"P\u00e9rez-Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Cajeme Campus, University of Sonora, Blvd. Bordo Nuevo s\/n, Former Ejido Providencia, Cd. Obreg\u00f3n 85010, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9748-2031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juli\u00e1n","family":"Esparza-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obesity and Diabetes Research Unit, Nutrition Coordination, Research Center in Food and Development (CIAD), Gustavo Enrique Astiazar\u00e1n Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00316-4","article-title":"Definition and diagnostic criteria of clinical obesity","volume":"13","author":"Rubino","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2026, February 28). Obesity and Overweight. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/es\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/obesity-and-overweight."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13547","article-title":"Pediatric obesity\u2014Long-term consequences and effect of weight loss","volume":"292","author":"Marcus","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Gujral, J., and Gupta, J. (2026). Screening for dyslipidemia. StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4782344","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4782344","article-title":"Dyslipidemia diagnosis and treatment: Risk stratification in children and adolescents","volume":"2022","author":"Mosca","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3998","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15748","article-title":"The global burden of disease attributable to high body mass index in 204 countries and territories: Findings from 1990 to 2019 and predictions to 2035","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"609","article-title":"National and state prevalence of overweight and obesity in Mexican school-age and adolescent population, and its associated factors","volume":"67","year":"2025","journal-title":"Salud Publica Mex."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"598","article-title":"Malnutrition and overweight in children under five years of age in urban and rural locations in Mexico","volume":"67","year":"2025","journal-title":"Salud Publica Mex."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-025-01636-x","article-title":"Prevalence of overweight and obesity and determinants associated with BMI Z-scores in Indigenous Yaqui schoolchildren from Sonora: A representative survey","volume":"83","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"65","article-title":"Nutritional status of children in indigenous communities in Mexico: A systematic review","volume":"1","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mujer Andin."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"57","article-title":"Diagnosis of nutritional status, dyslipidemia and associated risk factors in indigenous Yaqui schoolchildren","volume":"160","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gac. Med. Mex."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costa-Urrutia, P., Colistro, V., Franco-Trecu, V., Granados, J., \u00c1lvarez Fari\u00f1a, R., and Rodr\u00edguez-Arellano, M.E. (2021). Dyslipidemia, Obesity, and Ethnicity in Mexican Children. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182312659"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"76","article-title":"Adaptation and reproducibility of a questionnaire to evaluate physical activity among the Comc\u00e1ac community of Sonora, Mexico","volume":"27","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Univ."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980017002658","article-title":"Prevalence of prediabetes and modifiable factors in an ethnic group of Mexico: The Comc\u00e1ac Project","volume":"21","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas (2026, March 28). Etnograf\u00eda del Pueblo Seri (Konkaak\/Comca\u2019ac) de Sonora. Available online: https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/inpi\/articulos\/seris-konkaak."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0138","article-title":"Effects of traditional and western environments on prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians in Mexico and the U.S","volume":"29","author":"Schulz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.3109\/17477161003615583","article-title":"Defining obesity risk status in the general childhood population: Which cut-offs should we use?","volume":"5","author":"Lobstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Obes."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"22","article-title":"Agreement between HemoCue and glucose oxidase methods for blood glucose measurement in a field work study of diabetes: The Comcaac project","volume":"21","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biotecnia"},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Eston, R., and Reilly, T. (2001). Kinanthropometry and Exercise Physiology Laboratory Manual: Tests, Procedures and Data, Routledge. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67402-8","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome\u2014A new worldwide definition","volume":"366","author":"Alberti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics (2023, March 01). Initial History Questionnaire. Available online: https:\/\/www.morehousehealthcare.com\/documents\/pediatric-initial-history-questionnaire.pdf."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"96","article-title":"Evaluaci\u00f3n de la actividad f\u00edsica en ni\u00f1os","volume":"77","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Pedi\u00e1tr. Esp."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"e518","article-title":"Validaci\u00f3n al espa\u00f1ol de un cuestionario de h\u00e1bitos de sue\u00f1o en los ni\u00f1os","volume":"91","author":"Alfonso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Cuba. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.21149\/spm.v58i6.7862","article-title":"Validity of a food frequency questionnaire to assess food intake in Mexican adolescent and adult population","volume":"58","year":"2016","journal-title":"Salud Publica Mex."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"e2248","article-title":"Dise\u00f1o y validaci\u00f3n de un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos para evaluar la dieta en ind\u00edgenas yaquis de Sonora, M\u00e9xico","volume":"29","author":"Serna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Univ."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.38.3.6","article-title":"Study design of the Maycoba Project: Obesity and diabetes in Mexican Pimas","volume":"38","author":"Chaudhari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Behav."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"897","article-title":"Relationship between food insecurity and malnutrition in schoolchildren from low- and middle-income countries\u2014A systematic review","volume":"41","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr. Hosp."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"219","article-title":"Feasibility of a water insecurity experiences scale in Mexican households","volume":"65","author":"Frongillo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Salud Publica Mex."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"e18","article-title":"Life\u2019s Essential 8: Updating and enhancing the American Heart Association\u2019s construct of cardiovascular health","volume":"146","author":"Allen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e037371","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.124.037371","article-title":"Effects of school-based lifestyle interventions on cardiovascular health in Chinese children and adolescents","volume":"14","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.21149\/11529","article-title":"Consumo de grupos de alimentos y su asociaci\u00f3n con caracter\u00edsticas sociodemogr\u00e1ficas en poblaci\u00f3n mexicana","volume":"62","year":"2020","journal-title":"Salud Publica Mex."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.4.1220S","article-title":"Adjustment for total energy intake in epidemiologic studies","volume":"65","author":"Willett","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Esparza-Romero, J., Gallegos-Aguilar, A.C., Alem\u00e1n-Mateo, H., and Valencia, M.E. (2025). Obesity and lifestyle of the indigenous people of the state of Sonora. Environment, Food and Health for Well-Being, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Alimentaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo (CIAD)."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e247","DOI":"10.1038\/nutd.2016.52","article-title":"Overweight and obesity in Mexican children and adolescents during the last 25 years","volume":"7","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schefelker, J.M., and Peterson, A.L. (2022). Screening and management of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11216479"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"e014371","article-title":"Food insecurity and maternal-child nutritional status in Mexico","volume":"7","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"725","article-title":"Prevalence and susceptibility to obesity in Mexican children and adolescents","volume":"62","year":"2020","journal-title":"Salud Publica Mex."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahmood, L., Flores-Barrantes, P., Moreno, L.A., Manios, Y., and Gonzalez-Gil, E.M. (2021). The influence of parental dietary behaviors and practices on children\u2019s eating habits. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041138"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e029077","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.029077","article-title":"Validation of Life\u2019s Essential 8 metrics with cardiovascular structural status in children","volume":"12","author":"Shu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.06.005","article-title":"Sleep duration, overweight status, and the modifying role of food insecurity in a sample of 10- to 14-year-old Mexican early adolescents","volume":"10","author":"Laraia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4979","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-812320202512.29542018","article-title":"Do children and adolescents who consume ultra-processed foods have a worse lipid profile? A systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Beserra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cien. Saude Colet."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahn, J., Lee, D.W., Kang, M.Y., Myong, J.P., Chung, M.H., Kim, H.R., and Lee, J. (2022). Association between long working hours of parents and dyslipidemia in children. Front. Public Health, 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.894609"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phu, T., and Doom, J.R. (2022). Associations between cumulative risk, childhood sleep duration, and body mass index across childhood. BMC Pediatr., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-022-03587-6"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heslehurst, N., Vieira, R., Akhter, Z., Bailey, H., Slack, E., Ngongalah, L., Pemu, A., and Rankin, J. (2019). The association between maternal body mass index and child obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med., 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002817"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e088641","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-088641","article-title":"Association of maternal metabolic risk factors with offspring body mass index (BMI) trajectories in early childhood: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Lai","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15666","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-19585-8","article-title":"A prospective cohort study of the association between key family and individual factors and obesity status among youth","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lara, M., and Amigo, H. (2018). Association between education and blood lipid levels as income increases over a decade: A cohort study. BMC Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5185-3"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3571","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-33621-3","article-title":"Ultra-processed food consumption and its association with the atherogenic index of plasma and blood lipid profile in adults: A cohort-based cross-sectional study","volume":"16","author":"Mohit","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Epidemiologia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2673-3986\/7\/3\/84\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T11:45:46Z","timestamp":1781696746000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2673-3986\/7\/3\/84"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["epidemiologia7030084"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/epidemiologia7030084","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-3986"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-3986","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]}}}